Automation Lecture 6.

1. Generation Control systems

Central Control System Field

Controller

Sensors Process

Actuators

2. Generation Control Systems

Central Control System

Controller

Field

Standard Signals
Analog: 0-20mA Analog: 4-20mA Analog: 0-10V Digital: 0, 24V

Sensors Process

Actuators

3. Generation Control Systems

Process Control Station
A/D D/A

OPERATOR TREND, Logging

Central Control System Field

Standard Signals
Analog: 0-20mA Analog: 4-20mA Analog: 0-10V Digital: 0, 24V

Sensors Process

Actuators

4. Generation Process Control Systems

OPERATOR TREND, Logging Interface to Higher Hierarchy System

Process Control Station

A/D D/A A/D

Process Control Station

D/A

Central Control System

Standard Signals
Analog: 0-20mA Analog: 4-20mA Analog: 0-10V Digital: 0, 24V

Field

Standard Signals
Analog: 0-20mA Analog: 4-20mA Analog: 0-10V Digital: 0, 24V

Sensors

Actuators Process

Sensors

Actuators

5. Generation Process Control System

OPERATOR TREND, Logging Interface to Higher Hierarchy System

Process Control Station

Process Control Station

Central Control System Field

FIELD BUS

Sensors

Actuators Process

Sensors

Actuators

HART
HART FSK (Frequence Shift Keying) Analoge + Digital
Upp=1mA "0" - 2200Hz "1" - 1200Hz

Standard 4-20mA analoge signal 20mA 20mA

4mA
t

4mA
t

HART

ISO/OSI model

Physical layer
Standard Mode Maximal client number Max cable length Max data speed Max outgoing voltage Transmitter voltage levels Transmitted voltage Loaded impedance (Ohms) Receiver voltage level Receiver sensity Loaded Unloaded RS232 Grounded 1 Tr. 1 Rec. ~12 m. 20kb/s +/-25V +/-5V to +/15V +/-25V 3k to 7k +/-15V +/-3V RS423 Grounded 1 Tr. 10 Rec. ~1000 m. 100kb/s +/-6V +/-3.6V +/-6V >=450 +/-12V +/-200mV RS422 Differential 1 Tr. 10 Rec. ~1000 m. 10Mb/s-100Kb/s -0.25V ; +6V +/-2.0V +/-6V 100 -10V; +10V +/-200mV RS485 Differential 32 Tr. 32 Rec. ~1000 m.. 10Mb/s-100Kb/s -7V ; +12V +/-1.5V +/-6V 54 -7V ; +12V +/-200mV

Full Duplex RS-485

Half Duplex RS-485

MODBUS protocol

Modbus is a serial communications protocol published by Modicon in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It has become a de facto standard communications protocol in industry, and is now the most commonly available means of connecting industrial electronic devices. The main reasons for the extensive use of Modbus over other communications protocols are: - it is openly published and royalty-free - it can be implemented in days, not months

Example of MODBUS network architecture

http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02.pdf

Master-Slave protocol

http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b.pdf

MODBUS communication

http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b.pdf

http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b.pdf

MODBUS Transaction

http://www.sea.siemens.com/step/downloads.html

Increased plant availability

Hot swapping In the event of a fault, electronic modules are easily replaced during operation with the equipment live (hot swapping).The station remains functional, and the plant therefore remains available there is no need for costly shutting down and starting up of the plant. While the components are being replaced, the wiring remains intact. Coding of the modules prevents mistakes when replacing them.

Redundancy To increase plant availability, the system offers a system-wide redundancy concept. ET 200 I/O devices are connected with two interface modules to the two PROFIBUS lines of a highavailability automation system. If the active system fails, the standby system takes over the functions immediately so that standstill can be avoided.