Plain & Reinforced

Concrete-1
CE-313
Lecture # 25
16
th
May 2006
Analysis and Design
of Slabs


By Engr. Azhar
Sixth Term
Civil Engineering
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example: Design a cantilever projecting out from a room
slab extending 1.0m and to be used as balcony (LL = 300
kg/m
2
). A brick wall of 250 mm thickness including plaster
of 1m height is provided at the end of cantilever.

f
c
= 17.25 MPa f
y
= 300 MPa

Slab thickness of room = 125 mm. Slab bottom steel 1in the
direction of cantilever is # 13 @ 190 mm c/c.
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution:
1m
125 mm
cantilever
2
h
1000 L + =
mm 1063
2
125
1000 L = + =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
mm 89
12
1063
12
h
h
min
= = =
Let we use the same thickness as of the room
min
h mm 125 h > =
d
mm 98 7 20 125 d = =
Main steel in cantilever is
at the top
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Slab Load
2
m / kg 300 2400
1000
125
= = Self weight of slab
75 mm brick ballast/ screed
2
m / kg 135 1800
1000
75
= =
60 mm floor finishes
2
m / kg 138 2300
1000
60
= =
Total dead load
2
m / kg 573 138 135 300 = + + =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Slab Load
2
m / kg 300 = Live Load
( )
1000
81 . 9
300 6 . 1 573 2 . 1
u
+ =
2
u
m / kN 46 . 11 =
m / kN 46 . 11
u
= For a unit strip
( )
1000
81 . 9
1930 1 1 25 . 0 2 . 1 P
u
=
kN 65 . 5 P
u
=
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
2
L
L P M
2
u
u u
+ =
kN 65 . 5 P
u
=
1.063m
m / kN 46 . 11
u
=
2
063 . 1 11.46
063 . 1 65 . 5 M
2
u

+ =
m kN 48 . 12 M
u
=
Per meter width
3 . 1
98 1000
10 48 . 12
bd
M
2
6
2
u
=

=
0488 . 0
f
' f
85 . 0
y
c
= =
0.0052 =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
2
s
510mm 98 1000 0.0052 A = =
d
# 13 @ 380 mm c/c already
available in the form half the
bent up bar from the room slab
2
s
mm 342 A c / c 380 @ 13 # =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
2
168mm 342 - 510 = =
Remaining steel required at the top
c / c 400 @ 10 #
Use
c / c 380 @ 10 #
Distribution steel
2
mm 250 125 1000 002 . 0 = =
c / c 280 @ 10 #
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution:
#13 @ 380 c/c
#10 @ 380 c/c
#10 @ 280 c/c
1500 mm
Slab bottom steel
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Two-Way Edge
Supported Slabs
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Two-Way Slabs
Slab resting on walls or sufficiently deep and rigid beams on all
sides. Other options are column supported slab e.g. Flat slab,
waffle slab.
5 . 0
L
L
m
y
x
> =
Two-way slabs have two way bending unlike one-way slab.
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Methods

1. ACI co-efficient method
2. Direct design method
3. Equivalent frame method
4. Finite element method

Notes

1. In two-way slabs shorter direction strip carry greater
%age of load.
2. Steel will be more in shorter direction.
3. Shorter direction steel will be placed near the outer edge
to get more d means more lever arm to get more
flexural capacity.
L
x
L
y
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
ACI Co-efficient Method
Unit width strip is taken in both directions. The strip is
designed separately for +ve and ve moment.
2
n u u
L C M =
C = ACI co-efficient

u
= Slab load
C depends upon the end conditions of slab and the
aspect ratio.
Three tables are available for C
Dead load positive moment
Live load positive moment
-ve moment
M+ coefficients are increased
by 25 % and M- coefficients
are reduced by 10 % to get
the result more closer to
accurate solution.
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Minimum Depth of 2-Way Slab for Deflection
Control
According to ACI-318-1963
h
min
= (inner perimeter of slab panel)/180
90 mm
For f
y
= 300 MPa
( )
180
L L 2
h
y x
min
+
=
For f
y
= 420 MPa
( )
165
L L 2
h
y x
min
+
=
According to ACI-318-2005
( )
( ) 9 m 36
1500 f 8 . 0 L
h
y n
min
+
+
=
y
x
L
L
m =
L
n
= clear span in short direction
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example: Design the 4 marked slab panels of an ordinary
house. Use US customary bars. f
c
= 17.25 MPa f
y
= 300 MPa
4500
x
7000
6000
x
7000
3500
x
6000
6000
x
6000
1 2
3 4
Wall thickness = 228 mm
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: Panel Edge Conditions
Panel # 1
L
x
= 4.5m , L
y
= 7.0m
m = 0.64 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 2
L
x
= 6.0m , L
y
= 7.0m
m = 0.86> 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 3
L
x
= 3.5m , L
y
= 6.0m
m = 0.58 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 4
L
x
= 6.0m , L
y
= 6.0m
m = 1 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)

Slab Thickness

Generally same depth is preferred for one monolith slab.
Calculate h
min
for all the panels and select the largest value.
( )
9 m 36
1500 f 8 . 0 L
h
y n
min
+
+
=
Panel # 1
( )
mm 140
9 64 . 0 36
1500 300 8 . 0 4500
h
min
~
+
+
=
Panel # 2
( )
mm 150
9 86 . 0 36
1500 300 8 . 0 6000
h
min
~
+
+
=
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)

Panel # 3
( )
mm 117
9 58 . 0 36
1500 300 8 . 0 3500
h
min
~
+
+
=
Panel # 4
( )
mm 133
9 1 36
1500 300 8 . 0 6000
h
min
~
+
+
=
mm 150 h =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Effective depth

mm 123 27 h d
1
= =
For longer direction steel
d
2 d
1
Long direction steel
Short direction steel
mm 112 2 10 13 20 h d
2
= =
For short direction steel
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Slab Load
2
m / kg 360 2400
1000
150
= = Self weight of slab
75 mm brick ballast/ screed
2
m / kg 135 1800
1000
75
= =
60 mm floor finishes
2
m / kg 138 2300
1000
60
= =
Total dead load
2
m / kg 633 138 135 360 = + + =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Slab Load
2
m / kg 200 = Live Load
( )
1000
81 . 9
633 2 . 1 1.2
d
=
2
d
m / kN 45 . 7 1.2 =
( )
2
L
m / kg 14 . 3
1000
81 . 9
200 6 . 1 1.2 = =
2
u
m / kN 59 . 10 14 . 3 45 . 7 = + =
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd)
Minimum Steel
bh 002 . 0 A
min
s
=
150 1000 002 . 0 A
min
s
=
2
min
s
mm 300 A = For a unit strip
Concluded