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INTRODUCTION
Today's multicultural environment nurses
will come in contact with individual from many different cultures during their professional careers. They will find themselves in patient care situation that requires an understanding of the patients cultural belief if they are to effectively participate in planning and providing culturally competent care.
DEFINITION
Trans cultural nursing has developed in to
a specialty, that focuses on the comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures. LEININGER
scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing, which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with respect of human care, health and illness based on the peoples culture, belief and practice and use of this knowledge to provide cultural specificity.
CULTURES
Refers to the norms and practice of a particular group that are learned and shared and guide thinking, decision and actions.
CULTURAL VALUES
The individuals desirable or preferred way
of acting or knowing something that is sustained over a period of time and which governs actions or decision
ETHOCENTRISM
The perception that ones own way is best
when viewing the world, our perspective is the standard by which all other perspective are measured and held to scruting.
ETHINC
Relates to large group of people classified according to common traits and customs.
RACE ETHNOGRAPHY
The study of culture
STEPS
Culture awareness Cultural Knowledge Cultural Skills
CULTURAL AWARENESS
CULTURAL SKILLS
Alert for unexpected responses Aware of cultural differences Assessment skill Interact with dominant cultural groups Visit cultural events Visit markets and restaurant
FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
It provide integrative value and beliefs. Integration and communication among
group members.
Communication
Dominant language,
Past, present, or
Family structure,
gender roles, status/ role of elderly, extended family, descion making networks Impact of Illness and work, importance of work
Health beliefs,
practices and practioner
Cause of cancer,
living with life threatening illness, expectations from western medicine and practices. Meaning of food, preference and preparation of food.
Skin/ mucous
Sexuality and
reproductive fears
Religion and
spirituality
Dominant religion,
Meaning of death
HELTH CARE
Beliefs Standardize definition of health and
wellness. The omnipotence of technology Practice Maintenance of health Diagnostic procedures
Habits Charting Use of systematic approach Likes Promptness Neatness and organization Compliance
Dislikes Disorderliness and disorganization Customs Hand washing Peeking order found in autocratic and
bureaucratic system Procedure attending birth and death
Rituals Physical examination Surgical procedure Limiting visitors and visiting hours
CHARACTERISTICS
Culture is learned Culture is taught Culture is social Culture is adaptive Culture is satisfying Culture is difficult to articulate Culture exists at many levels
ASSESMENT
Communication Space Social organization Time Environment control Biological variation
CONCLUSION
Transcultural nursing is the nurses who
practice in the 21st century will be interacting with an increasingly multicultural American society. Culturally competent care in its broadest sense is knowing, explaining, interpretation and predicting nursing care with in the knowledge of the clients cultural and ethinic beliefs and practices, whether the client is well or sick.