Sexual Reproduction in

Flowering Plant
 Male Reproductive Structure

- Male reproductive structure is the stamen

- Stamen consists of anther and filament

- Filament : hold the anther

- Anther : place where pollen grains
are produced
 Female Reproductive
Structure
- Female reproductive structure are the carpels
- Several carpels fused together becoming pistil
- Pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary

- Stigma: sticky surface at the apex of style

- Style : join stigma to ovary
- Ovary : carries ovule
Formation of Pollen Grain

- Anther has 4 pollen

sacs
- Each pollen sac has
hundreds of pollen
mother cells
- Each pollen mother
cell (diploid)
undergoes meiosis
and produces 4
haploid
microspores
- Nucleus of each
microspore divide
by mitosis to form a
tube nucleus &
Formation of Embryo Sac

N
Formation of Embryo Sac
- Ovule develop from ovarian tissue
- Ovule has embryo sac mother cell
- Embryo sac mother cell undergoes
meiosis forming 4 haploid
megaspores
- 3 megaspores die, 1 left in the ovule
- Functional megaspore enlarges and
fills most of the ovule
- Nucleus of megaspore undergoes
mitosis 3 times and form 8 haploid
nuclei
- 3 nuclei migrate to one end forming
antipodal cells
- 2 move to the centre to form polar
nuclei B
Pollination
 Pollination
Sugar in stigma stimulate the
Ripe pollen from anther Pollen tube grows into
pollen grain to germinate &
transferred to stigma style towards ovule
form pollen tube

hen pollen grain reachesTube nucleus lead the

At the same time, generati
ovary, it penetrates the male nuclei down the nucleus divide by mitosis
ovule through micropyle pollen grain forming 2 male gamete nuc

One male nuclei fuses The other fuses with two

Tube nucleus
with egg cell forming polar nuclei forming
disintegrates
diploid zygote (2n) triploid nucleus (3n)

Outer layer of ovule Triploid nucleus then divide

Zygote divides &
oses moisture & develops forming endosperm
grows into embryo
hard seed coat (special nutritive tissue)
 (1) What is
double
fertilisation?

(2) Why is double

fertilisation

important?
 After an egg has been
fertilised :
• Ovule  Seed
• Multiple ovules  Multiple
seeds
• Ovary  Fruit
• Wall of ovule  Seed
coat
• Zygote  Embryo
• Ovary wall  Fruit
wall