POWER

Generation

transmission

Distribution

Recovery

Power station

Power grid

Substation

Users

Distribution system

Power generation: Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power This conversion is made by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor It is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes such as transmission ,distribution, and power storage and recovery are normally carried out by the electric power industry

Power generation using water

Big bend power module-Florida

A coal-fired power plant, Nevada U.S.A

Ikata nuclear power plant-Japan

Power transmission: power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers These lines run into hundreds of kilometers and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid. Electricity is transmitted at high voltages(110 kV or above) to reduce the energy lost in long-distance transmission. Power is transmitted through overhead power lines and underground transmission lines(in urban areas or sensitive locations) These lines run into hundreds of kilometers and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid.

High voltage lines in Washington

Electrical distribution: Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it to consumers. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage (<50 kV) power lines, substations and pole mounted transformers, low-voltage (<1 kV) distribution wiring and sometimes meters

Electric Substation

 Electric power is normally generated at 11-25kV in a power station To transmit over long distances, it is then stepped-up to 400kV, 220kV or 132kV as necessary Power is carried through a transmission network of high voltage lines Usually, these lines run into hundreds of kilometers and deliver the power into a common power pool called the grid The grid is connected to load centers (cities) through a subtransmission network of normally 33kV (or sometimes 66kV) lines

 These lines terminate into a 33kV (or 66kV) substation, where the voltage is stepped-down to 11kV for power distribution to load points At these load points, a transformer further reduces the voltage from 11kV to 415V(3 phase) or 240v(1 phase) Electric components used: 1. Step up transformer 2. Step down transformer 3. Regulators 4. Circuit breakers 5. Fuses 6. Capacitor banks etc

Regulator banks: Regulator banks regulate the voltage on the line to prevent under voltage and overvoltage conditions which can be disconnected using switches

Step down transformer

Circuit breaker