Oil tanker systems

Oil tanker systems

Pumps main, stripping Pipelines ring main, direct & free flow system, stripping line Manifolds Cargo heating system Crude Oil Washing (COW) Inert Gas system Segregated Ballast Tanks Double Hull vessels

SHORE LOADING ARMS

Inert Gas Systems

Inert Gas Systems Today, all tankers are required to have inert gas systems. These systems maintain an inert atmosphere in the cargo tanks to deplete oxygen which support combustion. During cargo operations, inert gas is pumped into the cargo tanks. The inert gas is either manufactured by an inert gas generator or is cleaned flue gas from the tankers boiler. No tanker should be allowed to operate without a properly functioning inert gas system. Tanker explosions have been practically eliminated since inert gas systems have been introduced.

Tank Cleaning method:

There are three ways of cleaning tanks
Bottom flushing with water, petroleum product or chemical solvent Water washing (hot or cold) employing tankwashing machinery Crude oil washing (COW)

COW
Crude Oil Washing A process to assist in the control of hydrocarbon being discharged to the sea. When the tanker is being discharged, the crude oil cargo is pumped through a fixed cleaning system that washes the cargo tanks with crude and minimizes the amount of oil residue and wax clinging to the tanks surfaces.

Crude oil washing (COW)

The advantages
that tank cleaning at sea is avoided, with less likelihood of accidental pollution; less tank corrosion is experienced than from water washing; increased carrying capacity is available for the next cargo; full tank drainage is achieved; time saved gas freeing for dry dock periods.

Crude oil washing (COW)

Disadvantages
crew workload, which is increased at the port of discharge; discharge time is increased; it has a high installation cost and maintenance cost are increased, while crew need special training with operational aspects.

CRUDE OIL CARGO CARE

It would be normal practice that, though the period of the voyage, regular checks are made on the tank ullage values and the temperatures of all tanks. Empty tanks and cofferdams, together with pump rooms, should be sounded daily to ensure no leakage is apparent.

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