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• Convergence speed
• Stability and reliability
• Redistribution—may affect protocols:
• Not all protocols behave the same with
redistribution.
• Redistribution is not needed for MPLS
VPN but might be needed to support other
IP traffic.
• Summarization options and multi-area
support
• Enhancements for Cisco MPLS Traffic
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. MPLS v1.0—E-23
IGP Convergence
CE-BGP-A1 CE-BGP-A2
CE-BGP-A1 CE-BGP-A2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
router(config-
router)#
bgp scan-time time-in-seconds
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
CE-A1 PE-1
PE-3 CE-3
CE-A2 PE-2
Convergence element #1
Route has to be exported from VRF into
MP-BGP
Convergence element #2
MP-BGP update has to be propagated
Convergence element #3
New best route has to be selected
(immediate)
Convergence element #4
New route has to be imported into VRF
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. MPLS v1.0—E-59
Changing BGP Route
Export/Import Timer
router(config-
router-af)#
bgp scan-time import timer
• By default, export and import actions are
performed every 60 seconds.
• Reducing the BGP import/export scan timer
will improve convergence (but also increase
CPU utilization).
router(config-
router)#
neighbor ip-address advertisment-interval timeout
• By default, updates are sent to IBGP
neighbors every 5 seconds, to EBGP
neighbors every 30 seconds
• End-to-end convergence across IBGP
backbone can be longer if route reflectors
are deployed
• Change the advertisement interval to
improve the IBGP/EBGP convergence speed