In raport cu stimulii prosexigeni sunt declansate 3 reactii specifice pentru caracterizarea atentiei: Reactia de orientare
Reactia de focalizare(concentrare) Reactia de selectie
Din perspectiva procesualitatii,atentia incepe la nivel fiziologic si se continua in plan psihomotor.
Etapa I Reactia de orientare Etapa II Activarea
Etapa III SET (atitudine pregatitoare,fenomen pre-perceptiv,stare anticipativa
Etapa IV Selectia Etapa V Concentrarea
Din punct de vedere functional,atentia indplineste urmatoarele functii:
Functia de orientare,concentrare si selectie Functia de adaptare reglatorie
Concentrarea atentiei pe toti stimulii
Consum energetic enorm
Ignorarea tuturor stimulilor
Izolare extrema
Importanta SELECTIVITATII atentiei !
Functia de selectie a atentiei asigura facilitarea unui tratament prioritar acelor stimuli care sunt esentiali in activitatea curenta. EXEMPLU
Selectia presupune prelucrarea informatiei. In functie de momentul prelucrarii informatiei legate de stimuli exista:
SELECTIE PRECOCE
SELECTIE TARDIVA -Momentul prelucrarii semantice(intelesul stimulului) -Coincide cu momentul alegerii unui raspuns
Momentul detectarii caracteristicilor fizice ale stimulului
REGLAREA ADAPTAREA SUSTINEREA ENERGETICA
a activitatii
Reglarea si adaptarea sunt importante:
Nivel fiziologic Nivel emotional Nivel cognitiv
The aims of the curent studies were to examine the effects of caffeine on a simulated driving task and also on subjective alertness and a sustained attention task.It was predicted that caffeine would increase alterness,improve sustained attention. Participants: 24 volunteers(12 male,12 female)non-smokers,free of medication and regular consumers of caffeinated coffee and had a minimum 1 years driving experience. Method :each participant attended 4 test sessions on separate days: 2 sessions of the driving task and 2 of the computer task.Each participant received 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo for both tasks.---limited alchool intake in the evening before each test session. -questionnaire(sleeping and eating habits over the previous 24 h);mood was assessed before and after both tasks;after the baseline session,they consumed the experimental beverage(caffeine or placebo);after 30 min they returned and completed a second 1h test session. Results:participants didnt differ in terms of pre-test measures of sleep duration and alchool consumption on the evening before prior to each of the 4 test days. A significant main effect of caffeine was found for the measure of alertness(alertness raitings increased after caffeine administration )
3 experiments(both real and simulated driving conditions) It was compared the performance on a target detection task of subjects engaged in a conversation with handheld,hands-free(earphones),hands-free(external loudspeaker) road environment aware passenger and road environment unaware passenger. Results consistently showed that reactions times to targets were slower in the hand held and hands-free(earphones) conditions that in hands-free(loudspeakers)condtion. Shifting attention across different spaces contributes to the negative effects of mobile phone conversations while driving. The awarness of the road environment affected only marginally the reaction times to targets suggesting that conversational factors have more variable and less consistent effects.
Fundamentele psihologiei,Mihai Anitei Psihologie manual pentru clasa a X-a,Paul Popescu Neveanu,Mielu Zlate,Tinca Cretu http://gen.lib.rus.ec/
