Atentia este un mecanism psihic de sustinere energetica a activitatii.

Atentia intruneste :

Dimensiunea procesuala

Dimensiunea functionala

Dimensiunea de activitate

Starea de veghe Reactia de orientare Starea de vigilenta

Activare selectiva Concentrare Orientare

Activitati perceptivcognitive

Specificul atentiei se leaga de:

Selectarea informatiilor/stimulilor Filtrarea informatiilor/stimulilor
Informatia
CUNOSCUTA

Genereaza raspunsuri de genul selectierespingere

NOUA (stimuli prosexigeni)

Nu exista raspunsuri presetate

In pregatirea raspunsului

Instante psihice(procese ,operatii,etape)

In raport cu stimulii prosexigeni sunt declansate 3 reactii specifice pentru caracterizarea atentiei: Reactia de orientare

Reactia de focalizare(concentrare)
Reactia de selectie

Din perspectiva procesualitatii,atentia incepe la nivel fiziologic si se continua in plan psihomotor.

Etapa I Reactia de orientare Etapa II Activarea

Etapa III SET (atitudine pregatitoare,fenomen pre-perceptiv,stare anticipativa

Etapa IV Selectia Etapa V Concentrarea

Din punct de vedere functional,atentia indplineste urmatoarele functii:

Functia de orientare,concentrare si selectie Functia de adaptare reglatorie

Concentrarea atentiei pe toti stimulii

Consum energetic enorm

Ignorarea tuturor stimulilor

Izolare extrema

Importanta SELECTIVITATII atentiei !

Functia de selectie a atentiei asigura facilitarea unui tratament prioritar acelor stimuli care sunt esentiali in activitatea curenta.
EXEMPLU

Selectia presupune prelucrarea informatiei. In functie de momentul prelucrarii informatiei legate de stimuli exista:

SELECTIE PRECOCE

SELECTIE TARDIVA
-Momentul prelucrarii semantice(intelesul stimulului) -Coincide cu momentul alegerii unui raspuns

Momentul detectarii caracteristicilor fizice ale stimulului

REGLAREA ADAPTAREA SUSTINEREA ENERGETICA

a activitatii

Reglarea si adaptarea sunt importante:

Nivel fiziologic Nivel emotional Nivel cognitiv

The aims of the curent studies were to examine the effects of caffeine on a simulated driving task and also on subjective alertness and a sustained attention task.It was predicted that caffeine would increase alterness,improve sustained attention. Participants: 24 volunteers(12 male,12 female)non-smokers,free of medication and regular consumers of caffeinated coffee and had a minimum 1 years driving experience. Method :each participant attended 4 test sessions on separate days: 2 sessions of the driving task and 2 of the computer task.Each participant received 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo for both tasks.---limited alchool intake in the evening before each test session. -questionnaire(sleeping and eating habits over the previous 24 h);mood was assessed before and after both tasks;after the baseline session,they consumed the experimental beverage(caffeine or placebo);after 30 min they returned and completed a second 1h test session. Results:participants didnt differ in terms of pre-test measures of sleep duration and alchool consumption on the evening before prior to each of the 4 test days. A significant main effect of caffeine was found for the measure of alertness(alertness raitings increased after caffeine administration )

3 experiments(both real and simulated driving conditions) It was compared the performance on a target detection task of subjects engaged in a conversation with handheld,hands-free(earphones),hands-free(external loudspeaker) road environment aware passenger and road environment unaware passenger. Results consistently showed that reactions times to targets were slower in the hand held and hands-free(earphones) conditions that in hands-free(loudspeakers)condtion. Shifting attention across different spaces contributes to the negative effects of mobile phone conversations while driving. The awarness of the road environment affected only marginally the reaction times to targets suggesting that conversational factors have more variable and less consistent effects.

 Fundamentele psihologiei,Mihai Anitei Psihologie manual pentru clasa a X-a,Paul Popescu Neveanu,Mielu Zlate,Tinca Cretu http://gen.lib.rus.ec/

SFARSIT