Prepared by: Hazel Joy Dantes

Objectives
Recognize visually and aurally the different musical instruments from India. Compare the musical instruments of India with Filipino indigenous musical instruments. Show resourcefulness in improvising musical instruments.

Musical instruments are made from materials found in our environment. Wood, metal, bone, and parts of plants and animals are some of the materials used to make musical instruments. Each country is able to create its own musical instruments depending on the available resources. The development of Indian music also led to the development of the musical instruments. These instruments play a major role in characterizing Indian music. Among the various musical instruments in India, the tambura, the tabla, and the sitar are wellknown and are widely considered important.

Indian musical instruments are of various types. They are grouped or classified based on the primary soundproducing media. Thus, the musical instruments are grouped as nonmembranous percussion (ghan), membranous percussion (avanadoh), wind blown (sushir), plucked or stringed (tat), and bowed string (vitat).

- This group of instruments consists of percussion instruments which have solid resonators. They are either melodic or rhythmic in nature.

Ghatam
- A percussion instrument that is made out of clay (actually a clay pot) played by striking the pot with the bare hands. This instrument produces a ringing sound and a low-resonating sound from its cavity. Its pitch could be lowered or raised by closing and opening the hole of the clay with the stomach.

Chimpta
- A fire tong with small brass jingles. It is played by clicking the tongs with the hand following a rhythmic pattern.

- This group of percussion instruments consists of stretched membranes that are struck or tapped by the hand.

Tabla drum
- A pair of drums that is made of wood and has a head made of stretched animal skin. Both drums have a black spot at the center that is made of manganese and iron dust. It is played by tapping the fingers on the surface of the drums.

Mridangam
- It literally means clay-body and was originally made of clay. It is a double-headed drum that is barrel shaped. It is played between the thighs of the drum players. This musical instrument is used in playing the tala.

- These instruments are played by means of blowing air to excite the resonators.

Flute
-A wind

instrument that could be made of bamboo, ivory, ebony, sandalwood, or metal. Two types of flute in India: *Venu (southern part in India) has eight holes. *Bansuri (northern part in India) has six holes.

Nagaswaran
- A double-reed instrument with a conical bore that enlarges towards the end. It has seven fingerholes with five additional holes drilled at the bottom that are used as controllers. This is played in temples, processions, festivals, and in wedding ceremonies.

- These instruments are played by plucking the strings of the instruments.

Veena
- An instrument carved from a single block of jackwood which continues as a long fretted neck from which another resonator is attached. Several strings function differently in this instrument: four strings are used to play the melody, while the remaining three strings are use to play the drone.

Sarod
-Smaller

to sitar -- it has a metal finger board with no frets and its strings are plucked or played with a pick made of coconut shell. This is mainly used in classical Indian music and is known for its deep and introspective sound which contrasts with the sound of the sitar.

Tambura
- A drone instrument that is made of jackwood. It has a long unfretted neck which has four to six tuning pegs inserted into the upper end of the resonator. The tambura is held upright and placed on the lap of the instrumentalist. The strings are plucked by the forefinger and middle finger. This is essential to classical performances, especially in concerts.

Sitar
- Made of teakwood and seasoned gourds. It has a long neck with twenty metal frets and six to seven main strings. This stringed instrument is used for solo parts in a composition.

Sarangi
- A that is used to accompany vocal music. It is shaped like a squashed guitar and is made from a block of hollowed-out wood that is covered with parchment. This has no frets and is played with bow. Its sympathetic vibrator creates a harmonious sound. stringed instrument

Saringda
- Bowed fiddle similar to the sarangi. It has either a round or pointed head, unlike the sarangi that has a square head. It is usually one to two feet in length. It is played with a bow made from horse hair.

Music is the universal language of mankind.

Thanks for listening! XD