ENGL 404

Adverb

Book Definition: An open lexical category used to modify verbs, or adjectives or their phrases, and sometimes adverb phrases

Common Adverb Attributes

Comparative
hungrier, more careful (*carefuller)

Superlative
hungriest, most careful (*carefullest)

Book Ex: Jo and Ji walked faster than we did; in fact, they walked the fastest of the whole group.

Common Adverb Attributes

Stacking Book Ex: We worked slowly, methodically, and carefully until deep in the night.

Pseudo-Adverbs

Lack the stated attributes of true adverbs and should instead be called intensifiers or qualifiers

Ex: very (*veriest, *more very, *most very) Ex: *They are extremely, somewhat, quite, and rather happy today.

6 Types of Adverbs

Manner adverbs Sentential adverbs Predicate adverbs Interrogative adverbs Relative adverbs Conjunctive adverbs

Types of Adverbs: Manner

Manner adverbs modify how a verbs action is done

Ex: They laughed heartily and strongly.

Frame sentence for manner adverbs:

They told the story (very) __________. They handled the matter (very) __________.

Types of Adverbs: Sentential

Sentential adverbs modify entire sentences They cannot necessarily work with the frame sentences without changing meaning

Ex: actually, fortunately

Contrasting manner and sentential adverbs

Carefully, she will eat.

She will carefully eat.

She will eat carefully.

Fortunately, she had eaten.

She had, fortunately, eaten. She had eaten, fortunately.

Types of Adverbs: Predicate

Predicate adverbs can be used, without commas, in the pre-verbal position and/or the sentence-final position

Pre-verbal ex: always, just, hardly Sentence-final ex: well, abroad, locally

Types of Adverbs: Interrogative

Interrogative adverbs are used in questions: where, when, how, and why. The questions and answers modify the verb. Where did you go? When did you go? How did you leave? Why did you leave?

Indirect questions ex: I wonder where you went. Or: I wonder whether you went.

Types of Adverbs: Relative

Relative Adverbs cover where, when, and why. They can be deleted from their sentence unlike interrogative adverbs.

Theres the test area (where) the rocket was launched from. This is the week (when) the big decision will be made. There is no logical reason (why) I should stay home this evening.

Types of Adverbs: Conjunctive

Conjunctive adverbs can move within a sentence, thus separating themselves from subordinate conjunctions. Ex: Then, meanwhile, likewise, moreover, however, nevertheless, consequently, hence, otherwise (=if not)

Ex: They like soup. (However,) I (,however,) like pie (,however).

 Consequently,

after quite a bit of friendly interaction with the lad, the elderly man delicately lifted his rose, ephemerally red after being picked abroad in a village far away, yet he did thus somewhat too hastily, as a he pricked his finger. This was the first moment when he felt extremely nervous; worriedly, he knew hardly how the boy would then respond, whether he would simply flee at the grizzly sight of dripping blood or at the sudden fear of lifes utterly transient nature.

Adverbs

Consequently, after quite a bit of friendly interaction with the lad, the elderly man delicately lifted his rose, ephemerally red after being picked abroad in a village far away, yet he did thus somewhat too hastily, as a he pricked his finger. This was the first moment when he felt extremely nervous; worriedly, he knew hardly how the boy would then respond, whether he would simply flee at the grizzly sight of dripping blood or at the sudden fear of lifes utterly transient nature.

Adverb Types

Consequently: conjunctive Delicately: manner Ephemerally: true adverb that operates like a qualifier Abroad: predicate Thus: conjunctive Too: conjunctive Hastily: manner When: relative Worriedly: sentential Hardly: manner How: interrogative then: conjunctive Whether: interrogative Utterly: true adverb that operates like a qualifier