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OUT LINE
The History of Labiya .
The history of Italian empire. Why Italy have chosen Libya
as colony, instated of other country's?
Omar Al-Mokhtar
of Ottoman Empire. Libyans were living in peace under the Ottoman empire.For one main resone , because they share the same cultural , for both being Middle Eastern.
when Italians came to increase there colony over Libyans lands, they have started a war against ottomans at Libyans lands called the Italy-Turkish War on 1911. Italy had won this war on 1912 , and both singed Treaty of Lausanne ,and led Italy to control and empire part of Libyan. However, the war kept going between Libyans and Italians.
Why
1.Most of middle east were empires from eather Britten or France. 2.South america were also empires from both Portugal and Spain.
One of the last remaining areas were open for colonization ,was the African continent.
Note:Euro were scrambling over Africa. they wanted more powers in establishing colonies .
Biography
Omar al-Mukhtar is national hero of Libya. was born on 1860 in a small village in Janzour near Cyrenaica. Omar was orphaned early and was adopted by Sharif El Gariani,, he studied and received his early education at the local mosque and then studied for eight years at the Senussi university at Jaghbub.
Biography
Omar ,organized military functions, led the anti colonial resistance from 1912 to 1931, until he was captured by the Italians and condemned to death. Omar had never been to any military school, he was Naturally General and grate fighter.
Biography
Omar Al-Mokhtar, was ill couple of times and many of
his comrades asked him to retire and leave the country, he was about 83 years old. But he refused and kept fighting and he deserved a name given to him as "The Lion of the Desert."
Biography
Rodolfo Graziani
Rodolfo Graziani built concentration camps where thousands of Libyans must live under complete control of the Italian army. Graziani built concentration camps in: Al-Aghaila, Al-Maghroun, Solouq and Al-Abiyar .By the end of November 1929 all Libyans who live in tents in Al-Jabal Al-Akdar, and all the members of any tribe that has one or more of its sons fighting with Mojahideen, all those and more, thousands and thousands of Libyans were forced to leave their land and live in one of the concentration camps mentioned above.
Life in the camps was miserable and thousands of Libyans died of hunger, illness and
some of them were hanged or shot because they believed to be helping the Mojahideen. By the end of 1930 all Libyans who live in tents were forced to go and live in the camps. 55% of the Libyans died in those camps. In November 1930 there were at least seventeen funerals a day in the camps due to hunger, illness and depression.
when Grasiani agreed to go to Libya , Mosolini had let him do the job without
any consideration or respect for the rules and laws in Italy, and Mosolini agreed on that immediately. He planned his murderous attack on the Libyans, all Libyans according to Mosoliny's Motto "If you are not with me, you are against me!" which means the only way to control the country is by killing almost half of its population and the Italians did cause the death of half of Libya's men, women, and childern, directly through public hangings and shootings and indirectly (hunger, illness and horror) for the sake of one thing: showing the world that they have the power to invade and capture colonies just like the other powers in the world.
Due that lost Italians had managed a negotiate meeting with Omar AlMokhtar on 1929, at place call ''sedee haroma'' but Italians didn't want peace or negotiating , they gave Mokhtar two solution , one is to leave the country ,or two, is to gave up his Resistance against Italy by offering moneys.
Graziani in full accord with Benito Mussolini, thought about a strong plan to
decisively break off the resistance. The plan was to built a wired wall 300 Kilometers long, 2 meters high and 3 meters wide from Bardiyat Slaiman port North Libya to Al-Jagboub South East Libya, thus preventing any foreign(Egypt) help to the fighters and breaking up the solidarity of the population.
Mukhtar's nearly twenty years struggle came to an end when he became wounded in battle
and was captured by the Italian army. The Libyan hero was treated like a prize catch by the Italians. Though in his late eighties, Mukhtar was shackled with heavy chains from his waist because of the army's fear that he just might escape. Mukhtar's capture was a serious blow to his people. \
Mukhtar was tried, convicted, and sentenced to be executed by hanging in a public place.
The fairness of his trial has been disputed by hscholars. When asked if he wished to say any last words, he replied with the clause "From Allah we have come, and to Allah we will return."
Today his face is shown on the Libyan 10 Dinar bill. His final years
were immortalized in the movie The Lion of the Desert (1981), starring Anthony Quinn.
Streets are named for him not only in his native Libya but in
many other Arab countries as well. In particular, many fighters which they are fighting for their rights have taken inspiration from his struggle.