Finanical Math

Mawarid Induction Program
Mathematics & Algebra
1
Lifetime Learning, Building Success
Topics to be Covered
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Operations with Whole Numbers Fractions Decimals & Percentages Exponents or Powers Solving Algebraic Equations Solving Word Problems
2
Unit 1
Operations with Whole Numbers
3
The Order of Operations

B E D MA S Brackets (innermost first) Exponents Division (from left to right) Multiplication (from left to right) Addition (from left to right) Subtraction (from left to right)
4
Examples
Ex 1: 3-4+2=? -1 + 2 = 1 2+6x42=? 2+6x 2=? 2 + 12 = 14
Ex 2:
5
Examples (contd)
Example 3: 2 x (3 + 5) 4 + 2 2x84+2 2x2+2 4+2=6 Example 4: 2 + (3 - (2 + 5) x 2) = ? 2 + (3 - 7 x 2) = 2 + (3 - 14) = 2 +(- 11) = -9
6
Examples (contd)
Example 5: 42 - (3 - 23 x 4) = ? 42 - (3 - 8 x 4) = 42 - (3 - 32) = 42 - (-29) = 16 + 29 = 45
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Unit 2
Fractions
8
Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers

An improper fraction is where the numerator is larger than the denominator (Ex: 9/6) A mixed number is where there is a whole number and a fraction put together
(Ex: 2 3/4)
9
Changing Improper Fractions into Mixed Numbers

Divide the denominator into the numerator to determine the whole number part of the mixed number If there is a remainder, it should be used as the numerator which goes over the existing denominator
Example: 9/4 becomes 2 1/4
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Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

Multiply the whole number part of the mixed number by the denominator, then add the numerator Place that number over the denominator
Example: 3 4/5 becomes 19/5
11
Adding & Subtracting Fractions

We must make a common denominator in order to add & subtract fractions Once the common denominator is determined, the fractions must be changed into equivalent fractions Then the numerators are added or subtracted and placed over the common denominator
12
Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Example: 2/3 + 3/4 = ? Solution:
The lowest common denominator is 12 The fractions are converted to 8/12 + 9/12 The answer is 17/12 or 1 5/12
13
Multiplication of Fractions
Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the numerator of the second fraction Multiply the denominator of the first fraction by the denominator of the second fraction
Example: 3/5 x 1/4 Solution: Numerator 3 x 1 = 3 Denominator 5 x 4 = 20 therefore 3/20 is the solution
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Division with Fractions

Turn the second fraction upside down, then follow the rules for multiplication of fractions
Example: 3/4 2/5 Solution: 1. Turn the second fraction upside down (3/4 x 5/2) 2. Multiply numerators and denominators 3. The answer is therefore 15/8 or 1 7/8
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Unit 3
Decimal Numbers & Percentages
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Decimal Numbers
They are a different way of representing an amount other than in fraction form They are a series of digits separated by a dot The digits to the left of the dot represent a whole number The digits to the right of the dot represent an amount that is less than one
Example: 25.55
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Percentages (%)
Is a method of expressing an amount in terms of a part of one hundred It is like a fraction that has 100 as the denominator (25/100 = 25%) 100% of an amount means the entire amount
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Converting Fractions to Decimals

Simply divide the numerator by the denominator
Example: 3/5 Solution: 3 5 = .6
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Converting a Fraction to a Percent

Convert the fraction to an equivalent fraction that has a denominator of 100 Place the % sign to the right of the numerator amount
Example: 3/5 = 60/100 = 60%
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Converting a Decimal to a Percent

Multiply the decimal number by 100, then place a % sign after it Or, move the decimal point two places to the right, then place a % sign after it
Example: 0.57 Solution: 0.57 x 100 = 57%
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Converting a Percent to a Decimal

Divide the percentage by 100 and take away the % sign Or, move the decimal point two places to the left, then remove the % sign
Example: 28.0 % Solution: 28.0/100 = .28
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Unit 4
Exponents or Powers
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What is an Exponent?
It is when a number is multiplied by itself n times, if n is the exponent Given the expression 23:
The 2 is called the base The 3 is called the exponent The expression 23 is called a Power The 2 is multiplied by itself 3 times 2 x 2 x 2 The answer is 8
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Negative Exponents
Exponents (n) can be negative numbers It means that the number raised to the negative power (-n) is a denominator raised to the positive power (n) where one (1) is the numerator
Example: 2-4 = 1/24 = 1/(2x2x2x2) = 1/16
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Powers of Ten (10)

Given the expression 103 , we simply need to write a 1 with 3 - 0s beside it in order to get the solution 1000
101 = 10 102 = 100 104 = 10000 100 = 1 (any number with a 0 exponent = 1) 10-6 = 1/1000000
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Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base

Addition/Subtraction
if we have the expression 23 + 24 , we must calculate each expression before adding them together (solution 8 + 16 = 24) if we have the expression 23 - 22 , we must calculate each expression before subtracting them (solution 8 - 4 = 4)
27
Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base (Contd)

Multiplication
If we have the expression 32 x 34 , we can simplify the expression by adding the exponents (n) together and using the sum as the exponent for the base of 3 as follows: 32 x 34 = 32 +4 = 36 = 729 It is simply (3 x 3) x (3 x 3 x 3 x 3) = 36
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Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base (Contd)

Division
If we have the expression, 34 32 , we can simplify the expression by subtracting the second exponent from the first one and using the result as the exponent (n) for the base of 3 as follows: 34 32 = 34-2 = 32 = 9
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Unit 5
Solving Algebraic Equations
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Equations with one Unknown Variable

An equation is an equality between two mathematical terms These terms can be numbers, variables (expressed with letters), or a combination of both For Example: 3n + 5 = 14 is an algebraic equation with n being the unknown variable
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Solving Equations with one Unknown Variable

First we need to collect alike terms on each side of the equation Second, we need to perform operations to isolate numbers on one side of the equation and variables on the other side In order for the equation to remain unaffected, whatever we do to one side of the equation, we must also do to the other side
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Examples
#1. 2n + 3n + 4n = 3 + 5 + 10 Solution: Step 1. Collect alike terms Step 2. Divide both sides by 9
9n = 18 n=2
33
Examples
#2. 3n + 5 = 20 Solution: Step 1. Subtract 5 from both sides 3n = 15 Step 2. Divide both sides by 3 n=5
34
Examples
#3. 2n + 4 = 3n - 2 Solution: Step 1. Subtract 2n from both sides 4=n-2 Step 2. Add 2 to each side 6 = n or n = 6
35
Examples
# 4. 3(2n + 5) = n + 20 Solution: Step 1. Multiply the terms in the brackets by 3 6n + 15 = n + 20 Step 2. Subtract n from both sides 5n + 15 = 20 Step 3. Subtract 15 from both sides 5n = 5 Step 4. Divide both sides by 5 n=1
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Unit 6
Solving Word Problems
37
Percentage Increases & Decreases

When prices or interest rates go up or down we must be able to compute the new price or the rate of change etc. The formula for solving problems like these is as follows:
New Amount - Original Amount = Rate of Change Original Amount
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Example #1
If the original price of a clock was $80 and then it went up by 20%, what was the new price of the clock? Solution: Let X = New Amount Original Amount = $80 Rate of Change = 20% or .20 X - 80 = .20 > X - 80 = 16 > X = 96 80 39
Example #2
A stock price went up by 25% to $100. What was the price before it went up? Solution: Let X = Original Amount New Amount = 100 Rate of Change = 25% 100 - X = .25 > 100 - X = .25X X 100 = 1.25X > X = 80
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Example #3
The price of a shirt went from $50 to $40. What was the % change in price? Solution: Let X = rate of change in price New Amount = 40 Original Amount = 50 40 - 50 = X > - 10 = X 50 50 X = - .20 or - 20%
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Finanical Math

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Finanical Math

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Mawarid Induction Program

Mathematics & Algebra

The Order of Operations

Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Changing Improper Fractions into Mixed Numbers

Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Division with Fractions

Converting Fractions to Decimals

Converting a Fraction to a Percent

Converting a Decimal to a Percent

Converting a Percent to a Decimal

Powers of Ten (10)

Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base

Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base (Contd)

Operations with Exponents Having the Same Base (Contd)

Equations with one Unknown Variable

Solving Equations with one Unknown Variable

Percentage Increases & Decreases

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