1.E Commerce - Final 12-11-13

Unit One
Rishikesh. K. B.
Christ University, Bangalore-29
Rishikesh. K. B.
E-Commerce: Meaning
Electronic Commerce, commonly known as ECommerce, is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. E-Commerce draws on technologies such as Mobile Commerce, Electronic Funds Transfer, Supply Chain Management, Internet marketing, Online transaction processing, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Inventory Management Systems, and Automated Data Collection systems.
Rishikesh. K. B. Christ University, Bangalore-29
E-Commerce Covers:
Rishikesh. K. B.
E-Commerce Covers:
E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a "virtual mall" Buying or Selling on various websites and/or online marketplaces The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts and social media Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-tobusiness exchange of data E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospective and established customers (for example, with newsletters) Business-to-business buying and selling The security of business transactions
E-Commerce Covers:
Rishikesh. K. B.
E Commerce: Advantages
Rishikesh. K. B.
Rishikesh. K. B.
Convenience: 24 hrs a day. 7 days a week. (24/7/365) Selection: Wide array of products. Comparison Shopping. Ubiquity: Overcome Geographical Limitations, Global Reach ! Gain New Customers With Search Engine Visibility. Lower Operational And Promotional Cost: Eliminate Travel Time And Cost: Always Open ! Locate Products Quicker: Intuitive Navigation through Search Engines To Narrow Down Product Search. Abundant Product Information: Transparency & Flexibility. Deals, Bargains, Coupons and Group Buying: Targeted Marketing: Personalised And Customised. Interactivity: Gets Quick Response & Immediate Feedbacks. Identify New Suppliers, Partners, and Customers,. No Physical Company Setup. Increase Sales Decrease Cost. Digital transactions - Less Paperwork !
Rishikesh. K. B.
Company Customers Society
Rishikesh. K. B.
Inability to touch and experience the merchandise. (Psychological Barrier) Depersonalise transactions Inaccessibility to technology and internet. Majority of business are yet to go online. High startup cost. (Connection, Hardware Software, Maintenance) Hacking, Virus attack, Spy and fraudulent interception. (lacks public trust). Delay in deal. Anonymity of business leads to suspicion. Credit Card has not penetrated Indian market. Small business finds it hard to conform to E-Commerce business standards. Huge investments. Shopping portals vulnerable to attacks. (Eg: Hacktivists). Inherent technological limitations.
E Commerce: Disadvantages
E Commerce: Disadvantages
Rishikesh. K. B.
E Commerce Security
Following are the essential requirements for safe epayments/transactions
Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authenticity Non Repudiability Encryption Auditability

Confidential - Information should not be accessible to unauthorized person. It should not be intercepted during transmission. Integrity - Information should not be altered during its transmission over the network. Availability - Information should be available wherever and whenever requirement within time limit specified. Authenticity - There should be a mechanism to authenticate user before giving him/her access to required information. Non-Repudiabiity - It is protection against denial of order or denial of payment. Once a sender sends a message, the sender should not able to deny sending the message. Similary the receipient of message should not be able to deny receipt. Encryption - Information should be encrypted and decrypted only by authorized user. Auditability - Data should be recorded in such a way that it can be audited for integrity requirements.
Measures to Ensure E-Commerce Security
Encryption - It is a very effective and practical way to safeguard the data being transmitted over the network. Sender of the information encrypt the data using a secret code and specified receiver only can decrypt the data using the same or different secret code. Digital Signature -Digital signature ensures the authenticity of the information. A digital signature is a e-signature authentic authenticated through encryption and password. Security Certificates - Security certificate is unique digital id used to verify identity of an individual website or user.
E-Commerce Websites Popular in India
Rishikesh. K. B.
Unique Features of E-Commerce Technology and their Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Implications
E-Commerce Technology Dimension
Ubiquity
Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Significance
Work and shopping can invade family life Shopping can distract workers at work lowering productivity Use of mobile devices can lead to automobile or industrial accidents Reduces cultural diversity in products Weakens local small firms while strengthening large global firms Easier to move manufacturing production to low-wage areas of the world Weakens nations abilities to control their information destiny Increases vulnerability to viruses and hacking Increases the likelihood of information crime
Global reach
Universal standards
Rishikesh. K. B.
Unique Features of E-Commerce Technology and their Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Implications (cont.)
Richness
Reduces use of text and potentially the ability to read Enables development of persuasive messages that may reduce reliance on multiple independent sources of information Interaction with commercial sites may be shallow and meaningless Customers do not really co-produce the product Amount of customization is minimal Total amount of information increases, but so does the possibility of false or misleading information, unwanted information, and invasion of solitude Overall information quality may decline Individual information overload
Interactivity
Information density
Rishikesh. K. B.
Unique Features of E-Commerce Technology and their Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Implications (cont.)
Personalization/ customization Social technology
Opens up the possibility of intensive invasion of privacy for commercial and governmental purposes that is unprecedented Creates opportunities for cyber bullying, abusive language, and predation Creates new challenges to privacy Creates new opportunities for surveillance by authorities and other organizations into private lives
Rishikesh. K. B.
Data Mining - Businesses get customers personal information to better understand the customers needs and so forth. They go on to discuss that this is legal, but is it ethical? Adware - A form of spyware that collects information about the user in order to display advertisements in the Web browser based on the information it collects from the user's browsing patterns. E-mail spoofing - Forging an e-mail header to make it appear as if it came from somewhere or someone other than the actual source.
E-Commerce Ethical, Social and Political Issues
Email that is sent to thousands of random email Spam Spam Email that is sent to thousands of random addresses for a purpose. Some business will send their ads email addresses for a purpose. Some business will to peoples emails topeoples gain new emails customers and increase send their ads to to gain new sales. customers and increase sales.
E-Commerce Ethical, Social and Political Issues
Bait and Switch When a company has a ad that most of the time sounds to good to be true, to get people on their site and then once they are on the site the customer finds out what the ad said isnt entirely true or misleading. Typo squatting Purchasing a domain name that is a variation on a popular domain name with the expectation that the site will get traffic . Eg: yahooo, gogle..
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Rishikesh. K. B.
E-Commerce & E-Business

E-Commerce describes the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, and/or information via computer networks, including the Internet.
E-Business refers to a broader definition of e-commerce, not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, conducting e-learning.
Christ University, Bangalore-29 Rishikesh. K. B.
E Business: Definition
Electronic Business or e-business can be defined as: The transformation of an organizations processes to deliver additional customer value through the application of technologies, philosophies and computing paradigm of the new economy.
A Win-Win
From the store owner's perspective, Ecommerce provides a way to instantly satisfy demand for products, services, and information of each customer individually. From the customer's perspective Ecommerce offers convenience, variety, cost savings, and anonymity. Ultimately, Ecommerce shifts the power from the merchant to the consumer. Ecommerce also provides a way for the merchant to connect his customers, vendors, suppliers and employees all over the world. He can enable his business or organization to reach an infinite number of customers over the Web, seeking out potential markets that were once outside the traditional boundaries of his business.
E-Market
Rishikesh. K. B.
E-Market
Electronic markets (or electronic marketplaces) are information systems (IS) which are used by multiple separate organizational entities within one or among multiple tiers in economic value chains. In analogy to the market concept which can be viewed from a macroeconomic (describing relationships among actors in an economic systems, e.g. a monopoly) as well as from a microeconomic (describing different allocation mechanisms, e.g. public auctions of telephone frequencies) perspective, electronic markets denote networked forms of business with many possible configurations
E-Market: Examples
company websites that serve communication and transaction purposes electronic purchasing systems on EDI-basis as well as based on catalogs systems that support the configuration of products, such as car configurators automated download of product information based on the scan of an article number activation of an emergency chain based on the monitoring of heart frequency social networks that link consumers, such as recommendation communities
Social Commerce
Rishikesh. K. B.
Social Commerce
Social Commerce is a subset of electronic commerce that involves using social media, online media that supports social interaction, and user contributions to assist in the online buying and selling of products and services. The term social commerce was introduced by Yahoo! in November 2005, to describe a set of online collaborative shopping tools such as shared pick lists, user ratings and other user-generated content-sharing of online product information and advice
The concept of social commerce was developed by David Beisel to denote user-generated advertorial content on ecommerce sites, and by Steve Rubel to include collaborative e-commerce tools that enable shoppers "to get advice from trusted individuals, find goods and services and then purchase them".
Rishikesh. K. B.
Social Commerce : Examples

Customer ratings and reviews User recommendations and referrals Forums and Communities Social Applications and Social Advertising Augmented Reality - allows shoppers to visualise apparel items on themselves and solicit feedback through social media tools
* Note: Academics refer Social Commerce as collaborative networks of online vendors, whereas Social Shopping as collaborative activity of online shoppers.
6 Cs in Social Commerce
Content: engage with customers, prospects and stake
holders through valuable published content on the web Community: Treating the audience as a community with the objective of building sustainable relationships Commerce: Being able to fulfill customers' needs via a transactional web presence Context: able to track real-world events Connection: defining and documenting the relationships between people
Conversation: The Cluetrain Manifesto noted that all markets are conversations !
Social Commerce
Rishikesh. K. B.
Social Commerce
Rishikesh. K. B.
F-Commerce
Facebook commerce, f-commerce, and fcomm refer to the buying and selling of goods or services through Facebook, either through Facebook directly or through the Facebook Open Graph. In March 2010, 1.5 million businesses had pages on Facebook that were built using Facebook Markup Language (FBML).
Rishikesh. K. B.
Rishikesh. K. B.
M-Commerce
Rishikesh. K. B.
Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce)

M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology-i.e., handheld devices such as cellular telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
Japan is seen as a global leader in m-commerce. As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster, more secure, and scalable, m-commerce will surpass wireline e-commerce as the method of choice for digital commerce transactions.
Collaborative Commerce
Membership-based item sharing websites that bill the users per use or monthly Customer value proposition: You can use the items you need without the cost and hassles of owning them. You can discover various items instead of having the same one all the time Example: Vehicle sharing services.
Company owned vehicles

Car sharing service with focus on USA, Canada & UK. Listed in NASDAQ
Peer owned vehicles

Peer-to-Peer Car rental service
Local car sharing service
Peer-to-Peer Car rental service
Campus Car sharing Zipcar for scooters
Rishikesh. K. B.
Rishikesh. K. B.
Email Marketing
Email Marketing is directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using email. In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered as such. It usually involves using email to send ads, request business, or solicit sales or donations, and is meant to build loyalty, trust, or brand awareness.
(Note: Researchers estimate that United States firms alone spent US $1.51 billion on email marketing in 2011 and will grow to $2.468 billion by 2016)
Rishikesh. K. B.
Email Marketing
Sending email messages with the purpose of enhancing the relationship of a merchant with its current or previous customers, to encourage customer loyalty and repeat business. Sending email messages with the purpose of acquiring new customers or convincing current customers to purchase something immediately. Adding advertisements to email messages sent by other companies to their customers.
E-Trading
Electronic Trading, sometimes called etrading, is a method of trading securities (such as stocks, and bonds), foreign exchange or financial derivatives electronically. Information technology is used to bring together buyers and sellers through an electronic trading platform and network to create virtual market places such as NASDAQ, NYSE Arca and Globex which are also known as electronic communication networks (ECNs)
E-Commerce Models
Rishikesh. K. B.
1. Business-to-Business
Website following B2B business model sells its product to an intermediate buyer who then sells the product to the final customer.
2. Business-to-Consumer
Website following B2C business model sells its product directly to a customer.
Rishikesh. K. B.
3. Consumer-to-Consumer
Website following C2C business model helps consumer to sell their assets by publishing their information on the website
Examples: eBay Bazee.com

Rishikesh. K. B.
E-Governance
In addition to the models discussed so far, four new models are being worked on that involves transactions between the government and other entities, such as consumer, business organizations, and other governments. All these transactions that involve government as one entity are called e-governance
They are: 1. Business-to-Government, 2. Governmentto-Citizen, 3. Government-to-Business, 4. Governmentto-Government.
1. Business-to-Government
Such websites are used by government to trade and exchange information with various business organizations.
Note: B2G provide a medium to businesses to submit application forms to the government
2. Government-to-Citizen
Such websites support auctions of vehicles, machinery or any other material. Such website also provides services like registration for birth, marriage or death certificates. Main objectives of G2C website are to reduce average time for fulfilling people requests for various government services.
3. Government-to-Business
Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.
4. Government-to-Government
This model involves transactions between 2 governments
Conventional Organisation and E-enterprise: A Comparison
Rishikesh. K. B.
Conventional Organization Top heavy organization structure Work and work place location at one place Manual and document based work flows High administrative and management overheads Inflexible, rigid and longer business process cycles Private business process systems for self use. They are barred from usage by customers, vendors and business partners Low usage of technology
E-enterprise Flat organization structure Separation of work workplace
from
Paperless work flows Low overheads

Flexible agile and responsive process cycles Public business processes and systems for use by customers, vendors and business partners Use Internet, wireless and network technologies
Clarifications.. if Any.?
Rishikesh. K. B.
Rishikesh. K. B.

1.E Commerce - Final 12-11-13

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Unit One

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authenticity Non Repudiability Encryption Auditability

Measures to Ensure E-Commerce Security

E-Commerce Websites Popular in India

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Significance

Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Significance

Potential Ethical, Social, and Political Significance

Christ University, Bangalore-29

E-Commerce Ethical, Social and Political Issues

E-Commerce Ethical, Social and Political Issues

Christ University, Bangalore-29

E-Commerce & E-Business

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Social Commerce : Examples

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce)

Company owned vehicles

Peer owned vehicles

Local car sharing service

Peer-to-Peer Car rental service

Campus Car sharing Zipcar for scooters

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Examples: eBay Bazee.com

Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.

Conventional Organisation and E-enterprise: A Comparison

Christ University, Bangalore-29

E-enterprise Flat organization structure Separation of work workplace

Paperless work flows Low overheads

Christ University, Bangalore-29

Christ University, Bangalore-29

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