The Human Circulatory System

Introduction

Humans and other vertebrates have a closed circulatory system:

This means that circulating blood is pumped through a system of vessels This system consists of the heart (pump), series of blood vessels and the blood that flows through them.

The Heart

Located near the center of your chest Hollow structure Composed almost entirely of muscle

About the size of your clenched fist

The Heart

Enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium

The Heart

In the walls of the heart, two layers of tissue form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle called the myocardium. Contractions of the myocardium pump blood through the circulatory system.

The Heart

The heart contracts about 72 times per minute Pumps about 70mL of blood with each contraction.

The Heart

The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a septum, or wall. The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood.

The Heart

On each side of the septum are two chambers. The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium. The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the ventricle.

The Heart

The heart has a total of 4 chambers: 2 atriums 2 ventricles

Pathway of Blood

Deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle and then goes to the lungs. From the lungs, blood moves back toward the heart into the left atrium to the left ventricle and then passes into the aorta to go to the rest of the body

Blood Vessels

As blood moves through the circulatory system it moves through 3 types of blood vessels: Arteries Capillaries Veins

Arteries

Large vessels

Carry blood from heart to tissues of body

Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary arteries. Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart pushes blood into them.

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.

Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.

Veins

Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must be returned to the heart.

Done by veins
Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle. Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood flowing toward heart. Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles contract, blood is forced through veins.

Blood

Composed of plasma and blood cells Types of Cells are:

Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

Blood

Red Blood Cells

Most numerous type Transport oxygen Get color from hemoglobin Disk shaped Made in red bone marrow Circulate for 120 days

Blood

White Blood Cells

Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria Number of WBCs increases when body is fighting Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens and remember them

THANKS
Prepared By: Harmeet Kour
Roll No:- 144/MED/2013-14 Section:- C