Scribd Logo
Încărcați

Bine ați venit la Scribd!

  • Chapter 9 - Understanding Addictions

    Încărcat de

    Lina Ali
    25 vizualizări17 pagini
    ddiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse consequences,[1] or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.[2] Addictions can include, but are not limited to, drug abuse, exercise addiction, food addiction, sexual addiction, computer addiction and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial.[3] Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs) In the past addiction used to refer just to psychoactive substances that cross the blood-brain barrier, temporarily altering the chemical balance of the brain; this would include alcohol, tobacco and some drugs. A considerable number of psychologists, other health care professionals and lay people now insist that psychological dependency, as may be the case with gambling, sex, internet, work, exercise, etc. should also be counted as addictions, because they can also lead to feelings of guilt, shame, hopelessness, despair, failure, rejection, anxiety and/or humiliation.

    Drepturi de autor

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Formate disponibile

    PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd

    Vi se pare util acest document?

    Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

    Raportați acest document
    ddiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse consequences,[1] or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.[2] Addictions can include, but are not limited to, drug abuse, exercise addiction, food addiction, sexual addiction, computer addiction and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial.[3] Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs) In the past addiction used to refer just to psychoactive substances that cross the blood-brain barrier, temporarily altering the chemical balance of the brain; this would include alcohol, tobacco and some drugs. A considerable number of psychologists, other health care professionals and lay people now insist that psychological dependency, as may be the case with gambling, sex, internet, work, exercise, etc. should also be counted as addictions, because they can also lead to feelings of guilt, shame, hopelessness, despair, failure, rejection, anxiety and/or humiliation.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    25 vizualizări17 pagini

    Chapter 9 - Understanding Addictions

    Încărcat de

    Lina Ali
    ddiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse consequences,[1] or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.[2] Addictions can include, but are not limited to, drug abuse, exercise addiction, food addiction, sexual addiction, computer addiction and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial.[3] Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs) In the past addiction used to refer just to psychoactive substances that cross the blood-brain barrier, temporarily altering the chemical balance of the brain; this would include alcohol, tobacco and some drugs. A considerable number of psychologists, other health care professionals and lay people now insist that psychological dependency, as may be the case with gambling, sex, internet, work, exercise, etc. should also be counted as addictions, because they can also lead to feelings of guilt, shame, hopelessness, despair, failure, rejection, anxiety and/or humiliation.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 17

    Health: The Basics

    Fifth Canadian Edition

    Chapter 9

    Licit and Illicit Drug Use: Understanding Addictions

    Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.

    Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse


    Drug use: taking a drug as it was intended Drug misuse: taking a drug not prescribed for you or for a purpose or way not intended Drug abuse: the excessive use of a drug Individual Response to Psychoactive Drugs: Set and Setting
    Response to drugs is influenced by ones internal environment (set) and total external environment (setting)

    Defining Addiction
    Addiction: persistent compulsive dependence on a behaviour or substance.
    Aspects of addiction include:
    Excessive use of a substance or behaviour

    Persistent desire to cut down or control use


    Frequent incapacitation due to use Use of the substance or behaviour to avoid withdrawal symptoms

    Physiological and psychological dependence are intertwined

    Defining Addiction
    The Physiology of Addiction
    Tolerance Withdrawal

    The Addictive Process


    Nurturing through avoidance

    Signs of Addiction
    Compulsion Loss of control Negative consequences Denial

    Addictive Behaviours
    Gambling
    Video lottery terminals play a role in gambling problems More men than women; increasing among students Unable to control urge to gamble

    Shopping and Borrowing


    Excessive spending on purchases Easy credit (students target of credit card companies) Compulsive gambling and shopping can lead to compulsive borrowing

    Drug Dynamics
    All drugs are chemical substances that have the potential to alter the structure and function of our bodies To minimize risk from drugs:

    Ask questions of health providers


    Be a critical consumer of all drugs
    Receptor site theory: specialized cells to which drugs can attach themselves

    Controlled Substances

    Figure 10.1: How the Body Metabolizes Drugs

    Types of Drugs
    Each category includes drugs that stimulate, depress, produce hallucinations, or alter mood (psychoactive drugs):
    Prescription drugs Recreational drugs Over-the-counter drugs Herbal preparations

    Illicit (illegal) drugs


    Commercial preparations

    Types of Drugs
    Routes of Administration of Drugs Oral ingestion Injection (Intravenous, Intramuscular,
    Subcutaneous)

    Inhalation
    Inunction Suppositories

    Drug Interactions
    Many people unaware of the risks of taking several drugs simultaneously

    Drug Interactions
    Synergism (effects multiplied)

    Antagonism (action of one drug blocks the action of


    another at same site)

    Inhibition (one reduces effect of other)

    Intolerance (drug combination produces extremely


    uncomfortable reactions)

    Cross-tolerance (person develops a tolerance for a


    similar drug)

    Prescription Drugs
    Types of Prescription Drugs
    Antibiotics: fight bacterial infection Sedatives: central nervous system depressants Tranquillizers: central nervous system depressants Antidepressants: inhibits release of certain neurotransmitters in the brain Amphetamines: stimulants

    Use of Generic Drugs


    Less expensive Same active ingredient as brand-name drug

    Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs


    Nonprescription drugs used in self-diagnosis and self-medication Millions spent annually Dependency, tolerance, addiction and adverse toxic reactions possible

    Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs


    Types of OTC Drugs
    Analgesics pain relief
    Cold, Cough, Allergy, and Asthma Relievers Stimulants (caffeine is most common ingredient)

    Sleeping Aids and Relaxants


    Dieting Aids abuse of laxatives or diuretics

    Common Over-the-Counter Drugs


    OTC Drug
    Antihistamines
    Claritin, Benadryl

    Use
    CNS depressant dry runny nose clear sinus congestion

    Side-effects
    drowsiness, dizziness sedation

    Decongestants
    Sudafed, DayQuil

    reduce nasal stuffiness

    nervousness, restless excitability


    painful urination, skin rash, bruising

    Acetaminophen
    Tylenol

    pain relief, reduce fever

    Aspirin
    Bayer

    pain relief, reduce fever stomach upset, ulcer, reduce inflammation vomiting, thinning of blood

    Common Over-the-Counter Drugs


    OTC Drug
    Ibuprohen
    Advil, Motrin

    Use
    pain relief, reduce fever reduce inflammation relieves heartburn

    Side-effects
    fluid retention, liver damage, thinning of blood mineral malabsorption, concealed ulcers, blood thinner nervousness, irritability, dehydration

    Antacids
    Tums, Malox

    Diet pills, caffeine


    Dexatrim

    weight loss

    Laxatives
    Exlax

    reduce constipation

    dehydration, malabsorption of minerals from food

    Common Over-the-Counter Drugs

    Solutions to the Problem


    Upward trend in overall rate of drug offences Multimodal approach is best teach about use, misuse, and abuse Often scare tactics and moralizing are unsuccessful Teach people to control drugs and about the influence of set and setting, and reinforce selfesteem Drug use has been around for thousands of years and is unlikely to disappear in the near future

    S-ar putea să vă placă și