Agricultura ecologic o surs sigur de Hran Vie

Ion TONCEA
Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricol Fundulea Centrul Agroecologic de Cercetare, Inovare i Transfer Tehnologic

N. Titulescu 1, 915200 Fundulea/Calarasi ROMANIA Tel: 00 40 213 15 08 05;Tel/Fax: 00 40 242 64 20 44 E-mail: toncea@ricic.ro, ion_toncea@yahoo.com

Cum definim:
1. Agricultura ecologic:
este tiina sau arta administrrii sau inerii sub control a vieuitoarelor agricole i a mediului lor de via, n folosul naturii i omenirii.

Cum definim:

2. Hrana vie: orice produs agricol sau natural, proaspt sau conservat prin metode naturale, care este consumat instinctual, crud sau puin prelucrat, de ctre om, animale i plante

Quality and Safety of Organic Products

FIBL Dossier/May 2006

PHYSIOLOGICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FOOD

DESIRABLE
Primary nutrients: carbohydrates, protein and fats Vitamins Minerals Plant secondary metabolites (e.g. antioxidants)

UNDESIRABLE
Pesticedes residues Nitrate content Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu) content Mycotoxins

Dry matter, dietary fibre

Drug residues
Pathogenic organisms and parasites Allergens

Product-oriented comparison of different productions systems

Kirsten Brandt, Lorna Lck, Christoph Schmidt, Chris Seal and Carlo Leifert, Newcastle University Bioacademy 2006 Lednice/Czech Republic

ORGANIC Dry weight % minerals Vitamin C% Essential aminoacids Natural pesticides

CONVENIONAL Protein Nitrate Synthetic pesticides

Nutritional value of organic fruits and vegetables

Organic vegetables have often a higher content in some minerals (Fe, Mg) and vitamins (Vit.C); Organic fruits and vegetables have a higher content in polyphenols;

Organic fruits and vegetables have in most cases a higher antioxidant activity;
The cultivar may have a greater impact than the agricultural techniques;
Source: Claude Aubert/ France Partnership in Organic Farming and Food Quality 14-15 September, 2006 Sofia/Bulgaria

Polyphenols in organic and conventional peaches

Polyphenols
(mg EGA/100gDM)

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Organic
Polyphenol content

Conventional

EGA = Equivalent Gallic Acid

Source : Fauriel J. et al, 2005

Antioxydant activity of apple peel and flesh

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Peel Flesh Organic Conventional Integrated

Source : Peck G.M., 2004

Nutritional value : what differences in other types of food ?

Grain : a little less proteins in organic products but of better quality;
Animal fat : more polyinsaturated fatty acid in organic products; Milk, cheese and meat : more Omega 3 and CLA (Conjugated Linolenic Acid) fatty acids in organic products Wine : more resveratrol in organic wine

Mycotoxins in organic and conventional food

Number of comparative studies concluding to : Less mycotoxins in organic products More mycotoxins in organic food No significative difference Grain, flour, bread Milk

Source : Aubert C., 2003

Twice as much Omega 3 in organic milk

Omga 3 (mg/g fat)

Source : Louis Bolk Institute, 2005

Pesticide residues in grapes

(26 samples analysed in Germany by the magazine Test)

No residue : 1 sample (organic grapes, Italie) One pesticide : 5 samples (Spain, Egypt) Two pesticides : 4 samples (Spain, Italy) Three pesticides :7 samples (Spain, Italy, Argentine) Four pesticides : 4 samples (Italy, Chile, South Africa) Five pesticides : 3 samples (Spain, Argentine) Six pesticides : 1 sample (Italy) Eight pesticides : 1 sample (Spain)
Source : Test magazine, Germany

Malathion metabolites in 3 to 11 years old childrens urine according to the type of food consumed
(conventional or organic)
g/litre
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Malathion metabolites in urine

Conv food (days 1-3)

Org food (days 4-7)

Conv food (days 8-15)

Source : Lu, 2005

Impact of organic and conventional food on animal health

No difference (8 studies)

Better health with conventional food (1 study)

Better health with organic food (12 studies)

Source : Fibl, Switzerland

ANIMALS PREFER ORGANIC FOOD

Percentage 100% of food eaten 90%
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Conventional food Organic food

Rabbits

Hens

Rats (1992)

Sources : Edelmller(1984), Plochberger (1989), Plochberger/Velimirov (1992)

When the last tree will be cut, The last river poisoned, The last fish caught, Then you will find out That money cannot be eaten
Cree proverb (Canadian Indians)

V mulumesc pentru atenie!