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Stress in the Workplace 46% of workers find job to be extremely stressful Cost of stress related disorders is estimated to be $150 billion a year stress related disorders comprise 14% of workers' compensation cases stress - What is it? stress - physiological and psychological responses to events in the environment Eustress: good stress - distress: bad stress Physiological Effects - alarm: preparation of body for fight or flight - Resistance: when demands exceed body's capabilities stress - More Background Where does stress come from? - Major
Stress in the Workplace 46% of workers find job to be extremely stressful Cost of stress related disorders is estimated to be $150 billion a year stress related disorders comprise 14% of workers' compensation cases stress - What is it? stress - physiological and psychological responses to events in the environment Eustress: good stress - distress: bad stress Physiological Effects - alarm: preparation of body for fight or flight - Resistance: when demands exceed body's capabilities stress - More Background Where does stress come from? - Major
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Stress in the Workplace 46% of workers find job to be extremely stressful Cost of stress related disorders is estimated to be $150 billion a year stress related disorders comprise 14% of workers' compensation cases stress - What is it? stress - physiological and psychological responses to events in the environment Eustress: good stress - distress: bad stress Physiological Effects - alarm: preparation of body for fight or flight - Resistance: when demands exceed body's capabilities stress - More Background Where does stress come from? - Major
Drepturi de autor:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formate disponibile
Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
stressful • Cost of stress related disorders is estimated to be $150 billion a year • Stress related disorders comprise 14% of workers’ compensation cases Stress – What is it? • Stress – physiological and psychological responses to events in the environment – Eustress: good stress – Distress: bad stress • Physiological Effects – Alarm: preparation of body for fight or flight – Resistance: maintain state of elevated preparation – Exhaustion: when demands exceed body’s capabilities Stress – More Background • Where does stress come from? – Major life events? – Daily hassles: frequency, intensity, duration • Job satisfaction and stress – those who enjoy work suffer less impact from stressful events Individual Differences in Coping • Social Support • Job Skill – the more skilled at job, the less stress • Physical Health – good health leads to reduced impact of stress • Type A/Type B Personality – Type A personality reflected by competitiveness, inflated sense of time urgency, hostility Type A Personality • Hostility component of Type A personality is linked to heart disease • Type A individuals, in essence, create more stress for themselves • Type B individuals rarely have heart attacks before the age of 70 More Individual Differences • Job Complexity – increased complexity leads to heart disease in Type A individuals. But, complexity also is linked to job satisfaction!! • Locus of Control – internal locus of control is linked to reduced impact of stress • Negative Affectivity – linked to neuroticism from the Big 5. A tendency to focus on the negative aspects of life. Linked to high levels of stress Individual Differences: Hardiness • Reflects a resistance to stress: elements include : – Sense of commitment to family and work – A perceived sense of control – A view of change as normal and challenging Even More Individual Differences • Organization-based Self Esteem – our assessment of our adequacy and worth with regard to our place in the employing organization (job specific self esteem) • Gender Differences – female managers face more stressors than do male managers (e.g., role conflict, discrimination, harassment) Stress and Type of Occupation • Clerical and blue collar workers suffer the most stress due to a relative lack of control • Most stressful professions include: laborer, secretary, clinical lab. technician, nurse, first-line supervisor, restaurant server, machine operator, farm worker, miner • One of the least stressful professions is college professor – yeah!! Work-Family Conflicts • Greater role conflict for women – primary responsibility for family life falls on woman – Family with 3 kids, average work week for females is 90 hours, for males it is 70 hours • Bad work days tend to carry over into family life – tendency is stronger for women. – Sadly, positive states do not carry over Work-Family Conflict, Continued • Workers report that jobs interfere with family life more than vice versa • Companies can help reduce stress with flexible schedules and supportive supervisors – more helpful than child care facilities • Despite these problems, women with paying jobs are psychological and physically healthier than full-time homemakers Causes of Stress in the Workplace • Work overload – Quantitative: too much to do in too short a time – Qualitative: work that is too difficult – Quantitative has increased in recent years due to downsizing • Work underload – work that is too simple or insufficient to fill one’s time • Both of these impact stress and health, appears that a moderate amount of stress is optimal Causes of Stress - Continued • Organizational Change – if not hardy, change causes stress in individuals. Can be reduced by including employees in planning • Role Ambiguity – unstructured or poorly defined job responsibilities (expected standards, methods, schedules) • Role Conflict – conflict between job demands and employee’s personal standards Procrastination • Delay action for no “good” reason • Suggestions for controlling: – Calculate the cost of procrastination: e.g., reduce chance of promotion – Worst in, first out principle: tackle worst task first – Break task into manageable chunks – Make a commitment to other people: “I’ll give it to you on Friday/by lunch – Remove mind clutter: eliminate trivial items from to do list – Fill your schedule – provides stimulation you had been receiving by working up to deadlines Effects of Stress in the Workplace • Mass psychogenic illness – also known as assembly line hysteria. Isolation and suggestibility • Burn out – results from overwork. Includes, – Emotional Exhaustion – Depersonalization – Reduced sense of personal accomplishment – Quantity of work may stay the same, but the quality declines, depression, apathy, irritability, and boredom may occur Workaholism • “Addiction” to work because of anxiety and insecurity or because of a genuine liking for the job • Healthy, work enthusiasts – usually have jobs with autonomy and variety, appropriate skills for job, and supportive families • Unhealthy, workaholics – Compulsive, driven to perform job tasks. Often negatively impact co-workers Treating Stress in the Workplace • Organizational Techniques – Provide sufficient support for change – Provide sense of control through participation – Clearly define employee roles – Eliminate work over and under load – EAPs for stress reduction (teach coping strategies) – Provide opportunity for social support (formal or informal) Individual Techniques for Stress Reduction • Exercise • Relaxation Training • Biofeedback • Behavior Modification