Aim : Investigate image formed in pin-hole camera

1. Place a lighted candle in front of pinhole camera 2. Adjust the position until a clear image is seen 3. Observe the characteristics of the image formed

Situation Image viewed in small pinhole camera Camera moved toward flame / Decrease the distance from the pinhole camera Camera moved away from the flame One enlarged pinhole Convex lens in front of the pin hole Two pinhole

Characteristics of image formed

Five Pinhole

Discussion
1. What is the relationship between the distance of the object and the size of the image?

The longer the object distance, the smaller the object. We can change the size of the image by changing the object distance.

Discussion
2. Why does the convex lens make the image on the screen sharper? Convex lens converges the light onto the screen.

Conclusion
Image of the camera is affected by A) object distance B) Size of the pin hole C) The presence of the convex lens

Periscope
Observe the characteristics of the image formed. Upright, laterally inverted, virtual Same characteristics of the images formed by the plane mirror.

 When taking the picture in the bright light , a small aperture is used, to avoid too much light enter the camera shutter speed is increased
When taking the picture in the dim/ dark light , a big aperture is used.

Function of the camera parts

Aperture- opening for light to enter the camera Diaphragm- control the size of the aperture Lens- Converge and focus the image on the film Focusing ring- move the lens forward and backward Shutter speed- control the length of time for film to exposed to the light Film- capture the image of the object

 When taking the photograph of the far object, the focusing rings used to move the lens backward When taking the photograph of the near object, the focusing rings used to move the lens forward

Human eye

Function of the eye part

Iris- control the size of the pupil Pupil allow light to enter the eye Eye lens - converge and focus the light and form image on the retina Ciliary muscle- control the thickness of the lens

What happen to the eye in the bright lighting condition?

The size of the pupil become smaller. This is to avoid too much light from entering the eye. The iris change the size of the pupil

How the eye focus the image of the near object on the retina
Ciliary muscle change the shape of the lens The lens thicken

How the eye focus the image of the distant object on the retina???
Ciliary muscle change the shape/ thickness of the lens The lens becomes thinner

similarities