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Exist at a point if a force of electrical origin is exerted on charged object place at the point A vector quantity Its direction is the same as the direction of the force on a positive test charge
Symbol: E
E = Fe / qo = kqqo / r2 / qo E = kq / r2
Characteristics: *Always directed away from positive charges and directed toward negative charges
*Provides information on the magnitude or strength of the field - near the charge, E is strongest, electric field lines are closer - far from charge, E is weaker, electric field lines are spread out
*The number of electric field lines leaving the positive charge or entering the negative charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge.
*Can never cross each other
*Consider the electric field (E) produced by two or more charged particles. From the Principle of Superposition, it states The electric field due to two or more point charges is the vector sum of the individual contributions to the field produced by each charge separately.
E = kq 2 r
E = k qi i 2 r i
Two charges q1 =+2.0 x 10-8 C and q2 = 3.0 x 10-8 C are 50 mm apart. What is the electric field halfway between them?
Of a system of point charges defined on the work that has to be done by an external agent to assemble this system of charges by bringing them to their present positions from infinity.
Defined as the ratio of the potential energy (EPE) of a small test charge qo situated at that point divided by the charge itself
Symbol: V
V = EPE = kqqo = kq qo r 2q o r
Two protons in a nucleus of -10 are 6.0 x 10 m apart. What is their mutual potential energy?
248 U
The potential difference VAB between two points A and B is defined as the ratio between the work that must be done to take a charge q from A and B and the value of q.
One electron volt is the charge in potential energy of an electron (q 1.6 x 10 C) when the electron moves through a potential difference of one electron.
One electron volt = (1.60 x 10-19 C)(1.00 V) = 1.60 x 10-19 Joule 1 Volt (eV) = 1.6 x 10-19 Joule
Equipotential Surface
A surface in which the electric potential is the same everywhere. The easiest equipotential surfaces to visualize are those that surround on the isolated point charge. Whenever r is the same, the potential is the same and the equipotential surfaces are spherical surfaces centered on the charge. No work is required to move a charge at constant speed on an equipotential surface.
A pair of point charges with equal magnitude and opposite sign(a positive charge +q and a negative charge q) separated by a distance d. Example: water
p=qd
The net force on an electric dipole in a uniform external field is zero. Magnitude of torque in an electric dipole
=pEsin
Calculate the electric dipole moment of an electron and a proton 4.30 nm apart.