Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prepared by B. B. Bajgain
Hospital Administrator
Medicare Hospital Pvt.Ltd.,Nepal
Phone:977-9841249899
E-mail:- abajgain@hotmail.com
INTRODUCTION
Hospital waste mean all wastes coming out of hospitals, it may
be biological or non-biological that is discarded, and is not
intended for further use in a hospital. Out of which how
much are “non-hazardous wastes”, how much are “non
infectious but hazardous wastes”, such qualification are
essential for scientific management of hospital wastes.
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Cont..
Clinical wastes mean any wastes coming out of
medical care provider in hospitals or other medical
care establishments.
Medical waste is a term used to describe, “any waste
that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals, in research
pertaining there to, or in production or testing of
biological products”.
Bio-medical waste is described as, “any solid, fluid or
liquid waste, including its container and any
intermediate product, which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human being
or animals, in research pertaining there to , or in the
production or testing of biological and the animal
waste from slaughter houses or any other like
establishments”.
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Objective of hospital waste management
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classification of waste
General waste No risk to human health such as kitchen
wastes, office paper, plastic package materials,
wrappers, papers pieces, general sweeping & so on.
Theses waste can be treated similar to domestic
wastes. It is bulky.
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Generation & Segregation of Waste
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Cont..
According to WHO, 1999 following guidelines are given to
segregate the hospital waste:
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Collection of Waste
The waste generated should be collected daily within a
certain time interval and should be transferred to the
designated storage site.
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Storage of waste
The waste collected from verious collection points should
be stored to a central storage room unit it is
transported for treatment within or outside the hospital
premises. While storing the waste, hazardous and
general waste should be separated. Wastes should be
stored in the areas of generation for a period varying
from 2-6 hours.
The storage room should be located within the hospital
premises but should be well protected from the reach
of outsiders and should be cool, protected from direct
sunlight and should be close to incinerator.
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Transport of waste
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Treatment & Disposal of Waste
Treatment is any method, technique or process designed
to change the biological character or composition of
the medical waste to reduce or eliminate pathogens so
that the waste no longer hazardous to persons who
may be exposed to it. Several methods are used for
hospital waste treatment, depending on the types of
waste.
These treatment methods include incineration,
disinfection, using autoclaves, hydroclaves,
microwaves or landfill etc. all the treatment technique
depends on the types of infected or non-infected
waste.
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1. Incineration
Incineration functions under the high temperature dry oxidation
process, which is a combination of controlled heat and air.
Incineration can range from extremely sophisticated, high
temperature operating plants to very basic combustion units that
operate at much lower temperature.
If incinerations are properly designed, maintained & operated, they
are effective in killing organisms present in infectious waste &
also help to reduce the volume of waste.
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2. Chemical Treatment
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3. Autoclave
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4. Hydroclave
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5. Microwave
Microwave uses electromagnetic wave that enter
into or penetrate materials. Most
microorganisms are destroyed by the action of
microwaves of a frequency of about 2450 MHz
and a wavelength of 12.24cm. The microwave
rapidly heat the water contained within the
waste and the infectious components are
destroy by heat conduction. The efficiency of
microwave disinfection should be checked
routinely through bacteriological and
virological tests.
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6. Burial Pit
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Steps in hospital waste management
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Waste management policy
Each health care institution should develop a waste
management policy, outlining the accountabilities and
responsibilities of managers, employees and staff. It is
the responsibility of health care institution to comply
with guidelines, to ensure proper classification,
segregation, containment, treatment and disposal of
waste.
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Policy of biomedical waste management
Waste minimization
Segregation at source
Identification (color coding)
Collection
Storage
Transport
Measurement
Treatment
Disposal
Worker training
Worker health and safety
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Composition of waste management committee
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