An Introduction To Action Research

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Action Research
Definition
Action research is conducted by one or more individuals or groups for the purpose of solving a problem or obtaining information in order to
inform local practice.
Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., & Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~serkany/baglantilar/How_to_Design_and_Evaluate_Research_in_Education.pdf
Action Research In Education

Action research in education is an enquiry which is
carried out in order to understand, evaluate and then

to change, in order to improve some educational practices. When applied to teaching, action research involves gathering and interpreting data to better understand
an aspect of teaching and learning and applying the

outcomes to improve practice.
Singh, D. (2009). Action Research. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from schoolofeducators.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/ppt-action.ppt
To assess how effective the new approaches were To explore and test new ideas, methods, and materials
To share feedback with fellow team members
AR gives educators new opportunities to reflect on and assess their teaching
Why use action research?
To make decisions about which new approaches to include in the practice.
Chebbi, T. (2008). Action Research in Education. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from www2.fiu.edu/~chebbit/Action%20Research-Spring2008.ppt
5 To solve an educational problem
When teachers want to improve their practices
When do you use action research?
To help educators reflect on their own practices
To address schoolwide problems

Chebbi, T. (2008). Action Research in Education. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from www2.fiu.edu/~chebbit/Action%20Research-Spring2008.ppt
State of NSW, Department of Education and Training. Professional Learning and Leadership Development Directorate. (2010). Action Research in Education. Retrieved from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/proflearn/docs/pdf/actreguide.pdf
Hendrickss Action Research Process
Introduction to Action Research. (n.d.).Retrieved October 26, 2013 from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/38973_1.pdf
Features of Action Research (Koshy, 2005)

Action research is a method used for improving practice. It involves action, evaluation, and critical reflection and based on the evidence gathered changes in practice are then implemented It is situation-based and context specific. Action research is participative and collaborative; it is undertaken by individuals with a common purpose.
Koshy, V. (2005). Action Research for Improving Practice. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Retrieve from http://www.actionlearning.com.au/Classes/ActionResearch/Books/BookActionResearchForImprovingPractice.pdf
Features of Action Research (Koshy, 2005)

It develops reflection based on interpretations made by the participants. Knowledge is created through action and at the point of application. Action research can involve problem solving, if the solution to the problem leads to the
improvement of practice.
In action research findings will emerge as action develops,
but these are not conclusive or

absolute.
Koshy, V. (2005). Action Research for Improving Practice. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Retrieve from http://www.actionlearning.com.au/Classes/ActionResearch/Books/BookActionResearchForImprovingPractice.pdf
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Types of Action Research
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Addresses a specific problem within a classroom, school, or other community. Involves variety of settings. Example : educational, social service, or business locations.
Results in an action plan
Practical Action Research
Carried out by individuals, teams, or larger groups.
Primary purpose: to improve practice in the short term as well as to inform larger issues.
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Examples of Practical Action Research

An elementary teacher studies the disruptive behavior of a child in her classroom. A college instructor studies his professional development using technology in teaching.
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Participatory Action Research
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A collaborative approach
provides people with the means to take
systematic action in an effort to resolve specific

problems.
consensual, democratic, and participatory

strategies to encourage people to examine reflectively problems affecting them. Formulate accounts and explanations of their situation and develop plans that may resolve
these problems.
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Focuses on a specific local issue and using the findings to implement action. Two additional purposes: to empower individuals and groups to improve their lives to bring about social change at some levelschool, community, or society.
To have intensive involvement of all these stakeholders who function as equal partners.
Participatory Action Research
Involves a sizable group of people representing diverse experiences and viewpoints focusing on the same problem.
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Examples of Participatory Action Research

Curricula that deny students enrolment. Assessments that serve to confirm student failure rather than learning.
Inequitable distribution of college faculty salaries that

favour men over women.
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Action research designs

Action Research
Practical
Studying local practices Involving individual or teambased inquiry Focusing on teacher development and student learning Implementing a plan of action Leading to the teacher-as-researcher
Participatory
Studying social issues that constrain individual lives Emphasizing equal collaboration Focusing on life-enhancing changes Resulting in the emancipated researcher
18
Leela Chakrabarty. (2009). Action Research Part 1. [Pdf].
19
Leela Chakrabarty. (2009). Action Research Part 1. [Pdf].
20
Comparison Between Action Research and Traditional Research
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SIMILARITIES
ACTION RESEARCH TRADITIONAL RESEARCH
Types of data
Quantitative or
Quantitative or
gathered Inquiry
qualitative Systematic inquiry
qualitative Systematic inquiry
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DIFFERENCES
ACTION RESEARCH Led by Teachers or other TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Researcher who is
local education
professionals
not usually involved

in local situation.
23
ACTION RESEARCH
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH
Purpose
Solve practical
problem, improve practice
Develop new
knowledge
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ACTION RESEARCH
Instrument
Uses primarily
teacher-developed instruments.
Uses primarily
professionally developed instruments.
25
ACTION RESEARCH
Training
Little formal
training required to conduct such studies.
Considerable
training required to conduct such studies.
26
ACTION RESEARCH Primary Members of the
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Other researchers,
audience
school community
government or
private agencies
27
ACTION RESEARCH Standard The research results
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Peer review of
for
Quality Research
in desired change
methods
and results
28
ACTION RESEARCH Purpose of Explore practical
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Gain better
gathering and
analyzing data
problem
Guide action planning Evaluate results
understanding
of phenomenon, Develop or test hypotheses
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ACTION RESEARCH Generalizability Generalizability is very limited.
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Generalizability often appropriate.
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Tentative
Practical
Empowering
Why Action research is a valuable form of inquiry for educators
Participative
31
Action research is a valuable form of inquiry for educators because it is...

Practical
Focuses on practical improvements
Participative
teachers, administrators, students and parents can
all be involved in meaningful ways.
Empowering
all participants can contribute to and benefit from the process.
32
Tentative
there are not always right or wrong answers; rather, there are possible solutions based on multiple view points
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Example of Action Research
34
Setting :Matthews Elementary School serves students from various cultural background. Problem : Large number of students were reading
Goal
below grade level.

: To improve the schools balanced reading program
Action Plan: The action plan called for

- acquisition of additional resources for the reading program, - professional development for teachers - more effective monitoring of the program.
The Alberta Teachers Association. (2000). Action research guide for Alberta teachers. Alberta: Public Education Works.
35
Action Plan
Acquisition of additional resources for the reading program
Professional Development
Monitoring of the reading program
- new nonfiction and fiction books - books on tape - a variety of new instructional materials
- monthly meetings of support groups - A supervisor was assigned as a mentor for
new teachers
- Supervisors and reading specialists observing classrooms - Teachers assessed student progress daily
36
Instruments: - Teacher surveys - Interviews - Pre-post comparisons of student reading levels
Discussion : - Teachers reported a high commitment to balanced

reading, understanding of the reading program, and confidence in their ability to implement the program.
- An increases in the percentage of students reading on

or above grade level. By the end of the school year 85 percent of all students were reading on or above
grade level.
37
Reference
Chebbi, T. (2008). Action Research in Education. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from www2.fiu.edu/~chebbit/Action%20ResearchSpring2008.ppt Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., & Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~serkany/baglantilar/Ho w_to_Design_and_Evaluate_Research_in_Education. pdf Introduction to Action Research. (n.d.).Retrieved October 26, 2013 from http://www.sagepub.com/upmdata/38973_1.pdf
38
Koshy, V. (2005). Action Research for Improving Practice. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Retrieve from http://www.actionlearning.com.au/Classes/ActionResea rch/Books/BookActionResearchForImprovingPractice.pdf Mills, G.E. (2003). Action research: A guide for the teacher researcher. New Jersey: Merril Prentice Hall. Singh, D. (2009). Action Research. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from schoolofeducators.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009/12/ppt -action.ppt
39
State of NSW, Department of Education and Training. Professional Learning and Leadership Development Directorate. (2010). Action Research in Education. Retrieved from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/proflearn/docs/pdf/a ctreguide.pdf Stringer, E. (2004). Action research in education. New Jersey: Pearson Merril Prentice hall. The Alberta Teachers Association. (2000). Action research guide for Alberta teachers. Alberta: Public Education Works.

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1

inform local practice.

Action Research In Education

carried out in order to understand, evaluate and then

an aspect of teaching and learning and applying the

To share feedback with fellow team members

AR gives educators new opportunities to reflect on and assess their teaching

Why use action research?

To make decisions about which new approaches to include in the practice.

5 To solve an educational problem

When teachers want to improve their practices

When do you use action research?

To help educators reflect on their own practices

To address schoolwide problems

Hendrickss Action Research Process

Introduction to Action Research. (n.d.).Retrieved October 26, 2013 from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/38973_1.pdf

Features of Action Research (Koshy, 2005)

Features of Action Research (Koshy, 2005)

but these are not conclusive or

Types of Action Research

Results in an action plan

Practical Action Research

Carried out by individuals, teams, or larger groups.

Examples of Practical Action Research

Singh, D. (2009). Action Research. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from schoolofeducators.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/ppt-action.ppt

Participatory Action Research

provides people with the means to take

systematic action in an effort to resolve specific

consensual, democratic, and participatory

Participatory Action Research

Examples of Participatory Action Research

Inequitable distribution of college faculty salaries that

Singh, D. (2009). Action Research. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from schoolofeducators.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/ppt-action.ppt

Action research designs

Singh, D. (2009). Action Research. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from schoolofeducators.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/ppt-action.ppt

Leela Chakrabarty. (2009). Action Research Part 1. [Pdf].

Leela Chakrabarty. (2009). Action Research Part 1. [Pdf].

Comparison Between Action Research and Traditional Research

qualitative Systematic inquiry

qualitative Systematic inquiry

not usually involved

ACTION RESEARCH Primary Members of the

TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Other researchers,

ACTION RESEARCH Standard The research results

TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Peer review of

ACTION RESEARCH Purpose of Explore practical

TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Gain better

ACTION RESEARCH Generalizability Generalizability is very limited.

TRADITIONAL RESEARCH Generalizability often appropriate.

Why Action research is a valuable form of inquiry for educators

Action research is a valuable form of inquiry for educators because it is...

Introduction to Action Research. (n.d.).Retrieved October 26, 2013 from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/38973_1.pdf

Example of Action Research

below grade level.

Action Plan: The action plan called for

Acquisition of additional resources for the reading program

Monitoring of the reading program

- monthly meetings of support groups - A supervisor was assigned as a mentor for

Instruments: - Teacher surveys - Interviews - Pre-post comparisons of student reading levels

Discussion : - Teachers reported a high commitment to balanced

- An increases in the percentage of students reading on

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