FIBRE OPTICS

POOJA THAKUR(2911) SHABNAM SHARMA(2912) ANKITA SHARMA(2914) ANURAG CHAUHAN(2915)

Introduction to Optical Fibers

Fibers of glass Usually 120 micrometers in diameter Used to carry signals in the form of light over distances up to 50 km. No repeaters needed.

Introduction (Cont)
Core thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. Cladding outer optical material surrounding the core Buffer Coating plastic coating that protects the fiber.

Advantages of Optical Fiber

Thinner Less overall expenditure Higher Carrying Capacity Less Signal Degradation Light Signals Non-Flammable Light Weight

Areas of Application Telecommunication Local Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors

Type of Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser. Multi-mode fibers used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.

How Does Optical Fibre Transmit Light??

Total Internal Reflection. Fibre Optics Relay Systems has -Transmitter -Optical Fibre -Optical Regenerator -Optical Receiver

Testing of Optical Fiber

Tensile Strength Refractive Index Profile Fiber Geometry Information Carrying Capacity Operating temperature/humidity range Ability to conduct light under water Attenuation

Optical Fiber Laying

Mechanical Linking Includes coupling of two connectors end to end Optical distribution frames allow cross connect fibers from by means of connection leads and optical connectors Soldering:
This operation is done with automatic soldering machine that ensures:
Alignment of fibers core along the 3 axis Visual display in real-time of the fibers soldering Traction test after soldering (50 g to 500 g)

Optical Fiber Laying (Cont)

Blowing Used in laying optical cables in roadways. Cables can be blown in a tube high density Poly Ethylene Optical fiber is then blown in the tube using an air compressor which can propel it up to 2 kilometers away.

Protecting Fibers
Tougher than copper wires Designed in three concentric layers Core Cladding Buffer Two basic buffer types Tight buffer Loose tubes

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Stations are connected in a dual ring Transmission rate is 100 mbps Total ring length up to 100s of kms.

Conclusion
This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.