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METROLOGY
Appeared and developed together with the exchange of goods out of the practical need to have: comparable, repeatable and reproducible measurements common measurement units as an absolutely necessary support for these exchanges. Modern metrology is a result of: the development of the industrial type of products manufacturing the increased circulation of goods and commodities
Bucharest 20-21 June 2005 WORKSHOP IWIRAD 2005
Key conditions to get a high quality in measurements
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
A functioning system of weights and measures is a prerequisite for all trade and manufacturing. Until the 19th century weights and measures were at best harmonised on a national level but quite often local systems prevailed. Industrialisation, mass production of technical goods and increasing cross-border trade called for the creation of a consistent internationally applied system of measuring units.
Result:
In 1875, the leading industrial nations of those days signed the Meter Convention, a diplomatic treaty whereby they agreed to use and promote the Metric system of units, which is now called the International system of units (SI).
Bucharest 20-21 June 2005 WORKSHOP IWIRAD 2005
Key conditions to get a high quality in measurements
METROLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE
By the end of the 19th century it became obvious that the traditional dissemination of units through National Offices for Weights and Measures was no longer sufficient to meet the demand of industry for advanced measuring techniques in particular in the field of mechanics, electricity and optics. In 1887, in Germany, a new type of institute was founded, the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt which was dedicated to research and development in the field of metrology to support industry and government. TODAY: Practically all nations operate National Metrology Institutes (NMIs)
ONE-STOP MEASUREMENT
The manufacturer of measuring instruments prefers the type testing and conformity assessment to be carried out in a particular country and the certificates issued then to be accredited all over the world. This requires harmonisation and mutual confidence
Harmonisation
One-stop testing
Mutual confidence
Product standards
Calibration and test procedures Conformity assessment
Quality systems
Accreditation / self-declaration Mutual recognition arrangements
MEASUREMENT UNITS
Even 130 years after the signing and introduction of the metric system, a few countries still use antiquated, i.e. non-metric units in everyday lives. In the meantime all the countries have officially introduced the SI metric system, some of them with transition periods. A crucial task of an National Metrology Institute is to realise and disseminate the SI system of units to industry and society providing traceability routes to the SI units with stated measurement uncertainties
Bucharest 20-21 June 2005 WORKSHOP IWIRAD 2005
Key conditions to get a high quality in measurements
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ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL VALUE OF GOOD MEASUREMENTS In an effort to quantify the value of measurement to Europe, a study, The assessment of the economic role of measurements in modern society, was commissioned by the European Commission to a group of experts led by Dr. Geoffrey Williams, Fellow in Economics and Project Director, Pembroke College, University of Oxford, and published in July 2002.
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CONCLUSIONS
Europe spends more than 83 billion per year, or nearly 1% of EU GDP, on measurement activity from directly quantifiable sources alone. Adding in social spending on health, environmental regulation, safety testing, antifraud projects and normal day-to-day activity raises this figure considerably. For example each year more than 13 billion is spent on measurement and testing across European health services and a further 5 billion on safety and emissions tests in the 160 million vehicles used by drivers every day in Europe. By comparing these costs with estimates of the benefits of measurement, we can see that this money is well spent. Our econometric estimates of the economic impact of measurement activity show that this spending generates almost 230 billion of directly estimable benefits through application and from the impact measurement knowledge has on technology driven growth. This is equivalent to 2.7% of EU GDP.
Bucharest 20-21 June 2005 WORKSHOP IWIRAD 2005
Key conditions to get a high quality in measurements
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THANK YOU!
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