MUSCULOSKELETAL

SYSTEM

WHAT ARE MUSCLES?

Muscles enables body and its parts in

Maintenance of Posture

TYPES OF MUSCLES
Involuntary Muscles Voluntary Muscles

Muscles that cannot be controlled on your own Muscles in

Heart Internal Organs

Muscles that can be controlled on your own. They are called Skeletal Muscles Muscles in
Movable parts like Hand

CATEGORIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIONS

Extensor
Increases the angle at a Joint

Rotator
Rotates the body along its axis

Flexor
Decreases the angle at a Joint

Sphincter
Constricts an Opening

Abductor
Moves Limbs towards/away from Midline of Body

SKELETAL SYSTEM
Skeletal System Made up of bones and cartilage Forms Framework of the body Adult 206 Bones Child 300 Bones

Bone

Made up of salts, water, tissue Inside Jelly like substance called Bone Marrow Bone Marrow produced Blood Cells
Function of Bone Protect Body and give shape Protect Internal Organs Scaffolding of Muscles Store Minerals and make Blood Cells

IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Spine Ribs Hands & Feet Hips & Bones Arms

Central Support for the body Made up of separate bones called vertebrae Between each vertebrae is the cartilage which keeps bones from rubbing against each other There are 26 vertebrae in the human body

The rib cage is made up of 12 vertebrae, 24 ribs and a breastbone in 3 parts Protects the heart and lungs from knocks and bumps

The bones in the hands and feet are very flexible The foot has 26 bones which includes the tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges The hand has 27 bones consisting of metacarpals, carpals and phalanges

Helps us to stand upright and move The main bones of the legs are the tibia, fibia, femur and patella

The bones in the arms are very flexible The three bones that make up the arm are the ulna, radius and humerus The two bones that form the shoulder are the clavicle and the scapula

JOINTS, LIGAMENTS AND BURSAE

Joints Ligaments Bursae

Structures that connect individual bones.

Allow bones to move against each other to cause movement. Two divisions of Joints:

Small band of dense, white, fibrous elastic tissue

Connects the ends of bones together to form joints They lengthen under pressure and break resulting in an unstable joint.

Small fluid-filled sac made of white fibrous tissue and lined with synovial membrane. Provides a cushion between bones and tendons and muscles around a joint. Filled with synovial fluid and are found around every major joint of the body.

Diarthroses movable joints Synarthroses Immovable

joints

WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

WMSDS

Arise from arm and hand movements

Bending Straightening Gripping Holding Twisting Clenching Reaching

Associated with Work Patterns

Fixed or Constrained Body Positions Continual repetition of movements Force on small parts of body Pace that doesnt allow recovery

Types of Injury
Muscle Injury Tendon Injury Nerve Injury

MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

also known as
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome

Impaired Memory Muscle Pain (Myalgia)

Post Extertional Malaise

Pain in Muscle Joints (Arthralgia)

Symptoms
Unrefreshing Sleep

Tender Lymph Nodes

Severe Head Aches

Diagnosis

No characteristic Abnormalities Exclude symptoms attributable to other conditions

Pathogenesis

Extensive Research Undertaken Oxidative Stress Psychological Factors

CFS AN ILLUSTRATION

TREATMENT FOR CFS

Psychological Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Understanding individual symptoms Developing strategies to improve day-to-day life

Physical Therapy

Graded Exercise Therapy

Exercise therapy for a certain period (6 weeks, 12 weeks)

Pacing
Symptom Contingent pacing Time Contingent pacing

THANK YOU!