Physic kertas 2

SECTION A

Mercury Expansion / increase in volume

thermometer X

The smallest division is smaller // able to detect the smaller change

Rate of change of displacement// Velocity = Displacement Time

Between D and E

Total displacement = [ ( x 4 x 10) + (6 x 10) + ( x 2 x 10)] [1/2 x 2 x 10] = [20 + 60 + 10] [10] = 80 cm

Pascals Principle 1.When the handle is pressed down, the pressure is exerted on the liquid and transmits uniformly to the large piston 2. The force is produced and pushes the load up Some of the force is used to compress air bubbles // The pressure cannot be transmitted uniformly and immediately because the air bubble is compressed

F = 200 20 100 F = 40 N

0oC = 273K

increases linearly

As the temperature increase, the speed of the molecules increase. The rate of collision between molecules and container wall increase. Therefore, pressure increase

- 273oC

P T 200 273 + 27

= P T = P___ 273 + 80 P = 235.3 kPa

Force is an action that can change the type of motion of the object which is in a straight line// Pushing or pulling action on an object

Fe = Fd // Equal Net force = 0 N

T = W // Equal

Net force = 0 N

When the object moves with constant velocity or the object is stationary, the net force is zero Forces in equilibrium.

The aeroplane will accelerate.

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MEASURE of the ability of the conductor to resist the flow of current through it

The length of wire in Diagram 6.1 is longer

The potential difference in Diagram 6.1 is bigger

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The magnitude of current is the same in both diagrams.

The resistance of wire in Diagram 6.1 is bigger

The longer the length the higher the resistance

1. Current increases 2. Because total resistance decreases

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The incidence angle in denser medium produce a 90 refracted angle.

n = 1/ sin 42 n = 1/0.669 n = 1.49 or 1.50

Total internal Reflection
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refractive index of the inner core is greater than the outer cladding. total internal reflection can occur

A bundle of optical fibres can transmit more information (An optical fibre is very small in diameter) Optical fibre has high flexibility.

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Microwave

v 3 X 108 f

= f = f( 2 X 10) = 1.5 X 10 Hz

v = s/t 3 X 108 = 4.8 x 10 7 t t = 0.16 s

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Concave reflector converge wave// focus the signal At focal point Waves converge at focal point// Signal focus at focal point
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Big can collect more wave/ signal

Type X is most suitable

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SECTION B

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Force per unit surface area// Pressure = Force Surface area

- Mass of load is equal - Depth of sinking in D9.2 is less than D9.1 // Vice versa - Area in contact with the soft ground in D9.2 is bigger than D9.1

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When depth of sinking increases, the pressure increases When area in contact increases, pressure decreases

1. When the piston is pushed in, the air flows out of the nozzle with high speed 2. Creating a region of low pressure above the narrow tube 3. The higher pressure of the atmospheric air acts on the surface of the liquid causing it to rise up the narrow tube 4. The liquid leaves the top of the narrow tube through the nozzle as a fine spray. 21

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Criteria Structure of the dam The design to ensure safety

Explanation / Modification 1. Build a dam that has thicker wall at the base, to withstand higher pressure at the bottom 1. Equipped with water overflow system, avoid overflow/ flooding 2. Build high wall, store more water / avoid overflow 1. Made of concrete, not easily break 1. Build turbine at the bottom of the wall, high water pressure will turn the turbine to produce electricity

The material used for the dam

Additional component to produce electricity

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Sources that have same amplitude, frequency and in phase

Compare The distance between the two coherent source The wavelength The separation between two consecutive antinodal or nodal

Diagram 10.2 is bigger

Both are equal bigger in Diagram 10.1 or The smaller the distance between two sources, the bigger the separation between two consecutive antinodal/ nodal lines. Interference
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Name the phenomenon

Speed of wave is uniform // Wavelength is uniform

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Aspect Location of resort AT THE BAY

Reasons 1. Calmer water and lower amplitude waves because energy diverged// spread out.

1. Build barriers with small opening, water waves Features to reduce the are reflected and diffracted so less energy wave erosion of shore reach the shore. BUILD BARRIERS WITH SMALL GAP & 2. Build high wall barriers, to protect beach from HIGH WALL BARRIER high waves.

Features to enable children to swim safely TO BUILD SANDBANK Features to protect hotel from strong wind TO GROW TALL TREE

1. To create shallow area, speed and wavelength of wave decreases.

1. Grow tall trees between the beach and hotel, the trees spreads out the wind energy

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SECTION C

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Springs constant ,k is the ratio of force to the extension // k = F / x

Spring X Spring X is thicker Spring X is stiffer Spring X extend shorter than spring Y for the same force 30 k = F / x , extension of spring is shorter, the value of k is higher

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Characteristic Small diameter High elastic limit higher spring constant small natural frequency S is chosen

Explanation enough space for the spring to be installed // more stiffer can support heavy load small compression of the spring reduce bumping small diameter , highest elastic limit, highest spring constant and small natural frequency
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= F/x = (0.3 x 10) 0.06m

= 50 Nm

0.3 kg = X 6 cm 0.5 cm 6 x 0.5 = 10 cm 0.3

Length of spring = 20 + 10 = 30 cm
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The distance between focal point and optical centre

Virtual, upright and magnified

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Aspects fo > f e Eyepiece is thicker than objective lens

Explanation Higher magnification of image Shorter focal length and higher power

Diameter of the objective lens is greater than diameter of eyepiece.

Distance between two lenses S = f o + fe

To ensure more light can enter the telescope to produce brighter image fo + fe is the distance of normal adjustment which will produce a sharp image.

Because fo > fe , eyepiece is thicker than objective Chosen arrangement : lens, diameter of the objective lens is greater than K diameter of eyepiece and distance of two lenses is fo + fe

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so , P = 1/f f = 1/5 = 0.2 m = 20 cm u = 30 cm, v = ? 1 f 1 v 1 v v = 1 + 1 u v = 1 - 1 f u = 1 - 1 20 30 = 60 cm

m= v u m = 60/30 = 2

Real, magnified and inverted

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