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Oracle 9i New Features

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Oracle9i Flashback Query

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Scope & Application Package and Procedures Used Prerequisites List of steps Oracle9i Flashback Example Performance considerations Limitations of Flashback query

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SCOPE & APPLICATION

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This is intended for anyone willing to use Flashback for any user error recovery.

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Package and procedures used

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Package
DBMS_FLASHBACK

Procedures
disable enable_at_time

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Prerequisites
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Set up the database for Flashback Use

Prerequisite : Set init.ora parameter
UNDO_MANAGEMENT = AUTO UNDO_TABLESPACE =UNDOTBS UNDO_RETENTION =1200
The ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_retention = 1200 urges Oracle to keep undo information for 1200 seconds. Main Menu
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undo_retention
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ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_retention = 1200 This command sets 1200 seconds during which undo information is retained. All committed undo information in the system is retained for at least 20 minutes(20*60=1200) This ensures that all queries running for 20 minutes or less do not receive an ORA-1555 (snapshot too old) error, under normal circumstances.
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List of steps
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step1: step2:

step 3:

step 4:

a) Create a FLASH user b) grant the required privileges a) Create a user table and insert rows b) Create another table to keep the time when rows existed a) Execute disable procedure b) Delete a row Enable Flashback
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Flashback Example
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Step 1

Set up User
Create a flash user SQL> create user flash identified by gordon; Grant required privileges SQL>grant connect, resource to flash; SQL>grant execute on dbms_flashback to flash;

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Flashback Example
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Setup Table

Step 2

Create a user table CREATE TABLE tst(t number(5)); Insert values into the above table INSERT INTO tst VALUES(1); INSERT INTO tst VALUES(2); COMMIT; Create another table to keep the time when rows existed CREATE TABLE keep_date (date_scn_tracking date);
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Flashback Example
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SQL> SELECT * FROM tst; T ---------1 2

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Flashback Example Using disable procedure

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Step 3

SQL> execute dbms_flashback.disable;

SQL> INSERT INTO keep_date select sysdate from dual; SQL> COMMIT; SQL>DELETE FROM tst WHERE t = 1; SQL>COMMIT; SQL> SELECT * FROM tst; T ---------2
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Flashback Example Using enable procedure

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Step 4
SQL> declare restore_scn date; begin select date_scn_tracking into restore_scn from keep_date; dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(restore_scn); end;

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Result after using enable procedure

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SQL> SELECT * FROM tst; T ---------1 2 Flashback is able to display the 2 rows that existed in the past, before the row deletion.

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Performance considerations
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When a query is executed for a time in the past, a snapshot of data as it was at that time needs to be recreated using "undo" data. For every piece of data that has changed since the time of the Flashback Query, the corresponding undo data needs to be retrieved and compiled. Hence the performance of the Flashback Query degrades significantly as the volume of data which needs to "recreated" increases.

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Performance considerations
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Because of this, a Flashback Query works best when it is used to select a small set of data, preferably using indexes. If a Flashback Query must perform a full table scan, its performance will depend on the amount of DML activities performed on that table between the present and the time of the data that the Flashback Query is retrieving.

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Limitations of Flashback query:

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1. Specifying a time will only find the flashback copy to the nearest five minute interval. This is also true of the get_system_change_number. 2. You can never flashback more than 5 days, irrespective of UNDO_RETENTION.

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Institutionalizing Excellence

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