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The Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) optimizes the amount of power obtained from the photovoltaic array used to charge the electrical power supply
Important because the voltage and current produced from the solar panel is variable depending on the amount of sun exposure to the solar panel. - The battery charges most efficiently 12V and 3 A. - purpose is to obtain the largest amount of voltage vs. current from a solar array. -voltage from solar panel goes to dc/dc converter which is parallel to MCU and battery -MCU chooses the maximum point at which the voltage and current will create the maximum power output as depicted by the equation P = IV. -Our goal: MPPT is to obtain efficiency of 90%
I-V characteristics for varying irradiance conditions 4.5 S = 300 W/m2 4 3.5 S = 500 W/m2 S = 800 W/m2 S = 1000 W/m2
Panel Power (W)
40
30
20
10
20
0 0 5 10 Panel Voltage (V) 15 20
Off-grid power systems also use MPPT charge controllers to extract the maximum power from a PV array. When the immediate power requirements for other devices plugged into the power system are less than the power currently available, the MPPT stores the "extra" energy energy that is not immediately consumed during the day in batteries. When other devices plugged into the power system require more power than is currently available from the PV array, the MPPT drains energy from those batteries in order to make up the lack. MPPT charge controllers are quickly becoming more affordable and are more common in use now than ever before. The benefits of MPPT regulators are greatest during cold weather, on cloudy or hazy days or when the battery is deeply discharged. Solar MPPTs can also be used to drive motors directly from solar panels. The benefits seen are huge, especially if the motor load is continuously changing. This is due to the fact that the AC impedance across the motor is related to the motor's speed. The MPPT will switch the power to match the varying resistance