William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (1564

1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard").

 His surviving works consist

of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

Historical plays

Great comedies
Great tragedies

Historical plays: Henry Richard III Henry Henry VIII

Great comedies: The Merchant of Venice As You Like It Twelfth Night A Midsummer Nights Dream

Great tragedies: Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth

Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift (16671745) was

an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for the Tories) and poet. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of satire.

His major works: A Tale of a Tub Gullivers Travels A Modest Proposal

Gullivers Travels
The First Voyage In the first part Gulliver describes his shipwreck in Lilliput where the tallest people were 6 inches high. The two parties in this country were distinguished by the use of high and low heels, Swift satirizes the Tories and the Whigs in England. Religious disputes were laughed at in account of a problem which divided the people: Should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?

Gullivers Travels
The Second Voyage

The voyage to Brobdingnag is described in this part. Gulliver now found himself a dwarf among men 60 feet in height. The King regarded Europe as if it were an anthill. The Third Voyage The third part is a satire on philosophers and projectors who were given to dwelling in the air, like the inhabitants of the Flying Island.

Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe (1659/1661

1731) was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being a prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than five hundred books, pamphlets, and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural).

Robinson Crusoe
When Robinson is 19, he runs away from home and sets out to sea. After many adventures on the sea, he settles down in Brazil. But the call of the sea is so strong that he embarks on another

voyage to Africa. A frightful storm changes the course of the ship and it is wrecked off the coast of an uninhabited island. Of all the ships crew Robinson alone escapes to the shore.

Robinson Crusoe
Many years go by. One day Robinson discovers

the imprint of a mans foot on the sand. Then he learns that the island is occasionally visited by some cannibals who come to celebrate their victories over their enemies and to eat their captives. Robinson happens to see one such celebration and manages to save one of the victims, this man, named Friday by Robinson, proves to be a clever young Negro. An English ship drops anchor off the island, the captain takes Robinson and Friday to England.

Jane Austen
Jane Austen(1775-1817), is a

famous English novelist. With detail, Austen portrayed the quiet, dayto-day life of members of the upper middle class. Her works combine romantic comedy with social satire and psychological insight.

Her major works: Pride and Prejudice Sense and Sensibility Emma Northanger Abbey Mansfield Park Persuasion

Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens(1812

1870), pen-name "Boz", was one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. Many of Dickens's novels first appeared in periodicals and magazines in serialized form. Unlike many other authors who completed entire novels before serial production commenced, Dickens often composed his works in parts, in the order in which they were meant to appear. Such a practice lent his stories a particular rhythm.

His Major works: Oliver Twist A Tale of Two Cities Great Expectations David Copperfield

Virginia Woolf
Virginia Woolf (18821941) was

an English novelist and essayist, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group.

 She sometimes used the stream of consciousness technique.

Stream of Consciousness is a psychological term indicating the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the persons will. In the 20th century, under the influence of Fleuds theory of psychological analysis , a number of writers adopted the Stream of Consciousness as a method of novel writing.

Virginia Woolf
include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

Her most famous works

 Agatha Christie is a famous English writer.

Agatha Christie Queen of Crime

She was born on the 15th of September 1890 in England.

Agatha didnt go to school and got her education at home. In 1914 she got married.
She took part in the First World War. She was a

nurse.

 Agatha Christie began to write detective stories in 1920. Her first novel was The Mysterious Affair at Styles She became famous in 1926. Agatha Christie wrote 68 novels, 17 plays and more than a hundred stories.

Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910),better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885),the latter often called "the Great American Novel.
Twain began his career writing light, humorous verse, but evolved into a chronicler of the vanities, hypocrisies and murderous acts of mankind. At midcareer, with Huckleberry Finn, he combined rich

humor, sturdy narrative and social criticism. Twain was a master at rendering colloquial speech and helped to create and popularize a distinctive American literature built on American themes and language. Many of Twain's works have been suppressed at times for various reasons . Twain was born shortly after a visit by Halley's Comet, and he predicted that he would "go out with it," too. He died the day following the comet's subsequent return. He was lauded as the "greatest American humorist of his age, and William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American literature.

 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Twain is an 1876 novel about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The story is set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived. According to an October 2012 article published in Smithsonian magazine, Twain named his fictional character after a San Francisco fireman whom he met in June 1863. The real Tom Sawyer was a local hero, famous for rescuing 90 passengers after a shipwreck. The two remained friendly during Twain's three-year stay in San Francisco, often drinking and gambling together. Tom Sawyer was modeled on Twain as a child, with traces of two schoolmates, John Briggs and Will Bowen. The book also introduced in a supporting role Huckleberry Finn, based on Twain's boyhood friend Tom Blankenship.

F. Scott Fitzgerald
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned,The Great Gatsby (his most famous), and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair. Fitzgerald's work has been adapted into films many times. His short story, "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button", was the basis for a 2008 film.Tender is the Night was filmed in 1962, and made into a television miniseries in 1985. The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. The Great Gatsby has been the basis for numerous films of the same name, spanning nearly 90 years; 1926, 1949, 1974, 2000, and 2013 adaptations. In addition, Fitzgerald's own life from 1937 to 1940 was dramatized in 1958 in Beloved Infidel.

by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence ,idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream. The book has remained popular since World War II, leading to numerous stage and film adaptations. The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title "Great American Novel". The book is consistently ranked among the greatest works of American literature.

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written

 Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of

Ernest Miller Hemingway

adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature. Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida (1930s) and Cuba (1940s and 1950s), and in 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.

The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Sea is a novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous

works, it centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954. Hemingway wanted to use the story of the old man, Santiago, to show the honor in struggle and to draw biblical parallels to life in his modern world. Possibly based on the character of Gregorio Fuentes, Hemingway had initially planned to use Santiago's story, which became The Old Man and the Sea, as part of an intimacy between mother and son and also the fact of relationships that cover most of the book relate to the Bible. Hemingway mentions the real life experience of an old fisherman almost identical to that of Santiago and his marlin in On the Blue Water: A Gulf Stream Letter (Esquire, April 1936).

Herman Melville
Herman Melville (August 1, 1819

September 28, 1891) was an American writer of novels, short stories and poetry. His contributions to the Western canon are the whaling novel MobyDick (1851); the short work Bartleby, the Scrivener (1853) about a clerk in a Wall Street office; the slave ship narrative Benito Cereno (1855); and Billy Budd, Sailor, left unfinished at his death and published in 1924. When he died in 1891, Melville was almost completely forgotten. It was not until the "Melville Revival" in the early 20th century that his work won recognition, especially Moby-Dick, which was hailed as one of the literary masterpieces of both American and world literature. He was the first writer to have his works collected and published by the Library of America.

Moby-Dick
Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (1851) is the sixth book by American writer Herman Melville. The work is an epic sea-story of Captain Ahab's voyage in pursuit of Moby Dick, a great white whale. It initially received mixed reviews and at Melville's

death in 1891 was remembered, if at all, as a children's sea adventure, but now is considered one of the Great American Novels and a leading work of American Romanticism. The opening line, "Call me Ishmael," is one of the most recognizable opening lines in Western literature. Ishmael then narrates the voyage of the whaleship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab. Ahab has one purpose: revenge on Moby Dick, a ferocious, enigmatic white whale which on a previous voyage destroyed Ahab's ship and severed his leg at the knee. The detailed and realistic descriptions of whale hunting and the process of extracting whale oil, as well as life aboard ship among a culturally diverse crew, are mixed with exploration of class and social status, good and evil, and the existence of God. Melville uses a wide range of styles and literary devices ranging from lists and catalogs to Shakespearean stage directions, soliloquies, and asides.