Risk Mitigation through Measurement of

Quality Compliance in Post-Disaster

Re-construction and Establishment of
Vulnerability Atlas

Presented by:

Vivek Ogra
Director – Technology group
VBSOFT India Limited, INDIA
 Impact of Gujarat Earthquake, 26 th
January 2001, INDIA

 Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale

 Reported lives lost 13,805
 167,000 persons suffered injury
 One of the worst earthquakes in the last 180 years
 Over 10 million people affected by the calamity
 Around 5 million people needed to be given immediate relief all over the State
 Over 10,000 small and medium industrial units went out of production
 50,000 artisans lost their livelihood
 Over 300 hospitals destroyed
 7,633 villages adversely affected, 450 villages flattened totally
 Over 2,22,035 houses completely destroyed and 9,17,158 houses damaged
 Gujarat Earthquake, A case Study of reconstruction and quality compliance

The earthquake of 2001 in Gujarat brought a massive destruction in terms of human

life, socio-economic eco-system, livelihood, live stock, industries etc. The re-
construction and rehabilitation of destroyed resources needed a concerted effort;

GSDMA NCCBM
Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority National Council for Cement and VBSOFT India Limited
Building Materials

Nodal Agency of Government to Third Party Auditor for IT Implementation Partner

implement reconstruction effort. Reconstruction Compliance

The challenge was to make sure
that the rebuilt environment was
in accordance with the utmost
safety standards
Sheer size of the reconstruction
and rehabilitation activity
required a structured
methodology of quality audit and
compliance system
NCCBM was entrusted to
provide feedback to GSDMA
allowing them to measure
construction compliance and
connect the same to financial
assistance - disbursal system.
Conceived and Developed a
unique audit methodology in
consultation with GSDMA,
NCCBM and the industry
experts
IT infrastructure was developed
to enable the stakeholders to
Measure Quality Compliance,
Feedback Management in case
of Non-Compliance, Retrofitting
Activities and creation of
Vulnerability Atlas.
 Disaster Risk Reduction - Essentials

Disaster Management Information System - Disaster Risk Reduction

Prioritization of Resources Emergency Response

Minimize Economic & Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

Social Impact of Disaster Relief & Recovery
Business Recovery

Vulnerability and Risk Assessment

Disaster Mitigation Disaster Preparedness

 Disaster Management Information System
Implementation Experience of Reconstruction Quality Compliance & Establishment of Vulnerability
Atlas using DMIS – Gujarat Earthquake 2001

Policy Decisions, Feedback & Analysis

Action

Data
State Administration

Feedback & Reconstruction Monitoring

District

Action
Administration

Data
Third Party Auditor & State Engineers Retrofitting and reconstruction audit

DMIS – Disaster Management Information System

Implementation partners on a single platform of process and knowledge repository
Facilitate timely and informed decision making capability
Consolidated view of the re-construction activity by linking construction and the manpower
involved in monitoring re-construction compliance.
Feedback mechanism to the individual stakeholders of the project.
 Process mapping of DMIS

Reuse Knowledge
Data Input
Optimize Processes
Natural Resource
Socio economic
Conformance Data Input at Source Strategize

Surveys Zoning

Data Warehouse
Knowledge Base

Prioritization
Quality Checks of Resources

Share and Analyze Data

 DMIS - Process at a glance

Data of reconstruction process is generated by Audit Agency based on an approved audit methodology
and follow-up actions in case of inadequacies/non-compliance is provided to State engineers for
compliance management.

Following Points are rated on based on the point-weight structure to establish compliance of the built
environment:

Site Audit (General Information): Type of Construction, Auditor Details, Soil Condition, Rainfall, Drainage
of water, Topography, Availability of water, Seismic Zone.

Supervision and Site Management Details: Site Audit Checklist, Documents, Equipments, Workmanship,
Standards, Staff Training, Contract Documents. Quality Manuals, Test Procedures.

Quality Control Parameters: Material Standard, Cement, Sand, Brick, Block, Stone, Steel, Mortar, Concrete.

Detailed Audit Parameters: Type of Scheme, Owner Details and Site Location Details, No of Storey Proposed
(as per plan) No of Storey at the time of Audit, Type of Construction: (Framed, Load Bearing wall, Framed + Load
Bearing wall), Construction status at the time of visit Framed( Foundation, Tie Beam, 1st Floor, 2nd Floor ), Non-Framed
: ( DPC / Plinth, Sill, Lintel, Roof, Roof Laid ), Distress Category: G4A / G4B / G5, Plinth Area of the House.

Design Parameters: Design Type, Design Approval and Verification

 DMIS - Process at a glance – Contd..

Structural Technical Audit Parameters:

Foundation Walling Roofing
Type of Foundation Level, Types Roof Level
Type of masonry Flat roof
Foundation Used
Mortar Used RCC Roof
Wall Footing [Depth of Concrete Used Pre-cast Panels
Foundation Below ground, Type of
Masonry, Thickness of Masonry,
Joints properly filled Sloped roof
Mortar Used, Mix ratio of Cement Tooting at Corners Eaves beam connected with
Mortar, Height up to Plinth, Stone
Masonry, Vertical Reinforcement Tooting at T-junction Overall framing column
in Foundation], workmanship Truss type
Stone masonry Anchorage with wall
Column Footing [Type of Column
Footing, Depth of footing below Use of Through Stones
ground, plan area of isolated Use of Corner Stones Wetting
footing, Max Thickness of Footing,
Grade of Concrete, Height of of bricks before laying
Column Below Ground,
Wall layout of upper storey
Reinforcement Grid, Tie Beam
Provided]
 DMIS - Process at a glance – Contd..
Structural Technical Audit Parameters:
Materials Seismic resistance features
Cement, Sand Masonry Structures:
Course Aggregates Provision of Bands[ Plinth, Sill, Lintel, Roof]
P.C.C. Blocks [Type of P.C.C. Blocks, Non RCC Sloped Roof [Gable Wall Top, Eaves Level]
Ratio of concrete in blocks, Interlocking
Provision of Single Vertical Steel [Each Corner, Each T
feature, Course aggregates used] Junctions]
Bricks / Blocks / Stones, Concrete Provision of Column, Casting of Column, Openings
[Grade of Concrete, Batching, Compaction,
Workability, Availability of water, Curing, Framed Structures:
Mix design available] Configuration
Reinforcing Steel Ductile Detailing [Size of Member, Confining Reinforcement,
Type of Steel End Anchorage, Lapping, Angle of Stirrup Hook].
Form Work [Type of Form Work, Use of
Mould Oil, Leakage of Cement Slurry],
Source [Cement Sand, Coarse Aggregate,
Bricks, PCC Blocks]
Testing carried out [Water,Cement,
Bricks / PCC blocks / stones, Aggregates,
Mortar, Concrete]
DMIS Snapshots
DMIS Snapshots

Conformance Level

Masonry Type Used Construction Status

DMIS Snapshots

Annual Income

Population Distribution
 DMIS – Helping Disaster Mitigation

DIMS extend its capability to address complex needs of a Disaster Risk Reduction
Activity by extrapolating the data to enable stakeholders in following areas:

Vulnerability Assessment Techno-Legal Measures Emergency Response

Identify Vulnerability of built Hazard Profile Search & Rescue

environment
Identify Magnitude of Disaster
Identify likely damage and loss
Vulnerability atlas derived from Relief Material Dispatch
Housing Data for Insurance
Emergency Medical Response
Policy Decisions

Damage and loss assessment

DMIS works on classifying building structure strength [like G1, G2..] by

applying appropriate weight formula on various critical components like
General Structure Information, Information on Adjoining Structures,
Foundation, Walling, Roofing, Building Materials, Seismic Resistance Features
etc apart from Socio-Economic data.
 Conclusions

DMIS Facilitates effective coordination between reconstruction agencies to achieve

quality compliance in the re-built environment

The system enables timely and process driven feedback mechanism to stakeholders of
the project to take retrofitting and policy decisions

The system enables to built a central data warehouse of reconstruction data.

The data generated from the site surveys can be extrapolated to given feedback for
policy decisions, Disbursal mechanism, Vulnerability Atlas creation, material quality
identification and construction status.

The system enables establishment of a proactive Information System which allows all
decision makers to make timely decisions
 Challenges

Collection of huge quantity of data of existing building stock

Technical Manpower to assist in auditing procedures

Creating an enterprise database

Maintaining/update the database

Connectivity to other state applications

Setting up of Seamlessly integrated common communication infrastructure

to establish multi-mode communication in event of a disaster or likely hood
of damage alarms.