Imaginary & Complex Numbers

Once upon a time

1 no real solution

-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do not have square roots. -Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative numbers would have square roots and certain equations would have solutions.
-These numbers were devised using an imaginary unit named i.

i 1

-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi, where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit, with the property that i = -1.
-The first four powers of i establish an important pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
i i
1

i 1
2

i i
3

i 1
4

i 1
4

i i
3

i
i 1
2

Divide the exponent by 4 No remainder: answer is 1. remainder of 1: answer is i. remainder of 2: answer is 1. remainder of 3:answer is i.

Powers of i
1.) Find i23 2.) Find i2006

3.) Find i37

4.) Find i828

i 1 i 1

Complex Number System Reals Rationals (fractions, decimals) Integers (, -1, -2, 0, 1, 2, ) Whole (0, 1, 2, )
Irrationals (no fractions) pi, e Imaginary

i, 2i, -3-7i, etc.

Natural (1, 2, )

Simplify.
3.) 1.)

-Express these numbers in terms of i.

5 1*5 1 5 i 5

2.) 4.) 7 1* 7 1 7 i 7

3.) 5.)

99 1* 99 1 99

i 3 3 11
3i 11

You try
6. 7. 8.

7 i 7 36

6i

160 4i 10

To multiply imaginary numbers or an imaginary number by a real number, it is important first to express the imaginary numbers in terms of i.

Multiplying
9. 10.

47i 2 94i
2i 5 2i 1 5 2i i 5
2i
2

5 2 5
2

11.

3 7 i 3 i 7 i

21

(1) 21 21

Complex Numbers

a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.

Add or Subtract

7.) 12.
8.) 13.
14. 9.)

7i 9i 16i
(5 6i) (2 11i) 3 5i

(2 3i) (4 2i) 2 3i 4 2i 2 i

Multiplying & Dividing Complex Numbers

Part of 7.9 in your book

REMEMBER: i = -1

Multiply
1)

3i 4i 12i 12(1) 12
2
2

2)

7i

7 i 49(1) 49
2 2

3)

7i 12i 84i 84(1)

2

You try

4)

11i 11 i 121(1)
2

84

121

Multiply
5)

28 8i 21i 6i
28 29i 6i 28 29i 6(1)
2

4 3i 7 2i

28 29i 6
22 29i

You try
6)

6 20i 3i 10i 2 6 17i 10i 6 17 i 10 1 6 17i 10

2 i 3 10i

16 17i

You try
7)

5 7i 5 7i
2535i 35i 49i
25 49(1)
2

25 49 74

Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a bi

-The conjugate of a bi is a + bi

Find the conjugate of each number

8)

3 4i 4 7i

3 4i 4 7i 5i

9)

10)
11)

5i

6 6 Because 6 0i is the same as 6 0i

Divide 12)

5 9i 1 i 5 5i 9i 9i 2 1 i i i 1 i 1 i

14 4i 14 4i 2 1 i 2

7 2i

You try
13)

2 3i 3 5i 3 5i 3 5i

6 10i 9i 15i 2 9 15i 15i 25i

2

9 19i 9 19i 2 9 25i 34