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PPT-010-02
What is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the science of fitting jobs to people. Ergonomics encompasses the body of knowledge about physical abilities and limitations, as well as other human characteristics, that are relevant to job design.
Ergonomic design is the application of this body of knowledge to the design of the workplace (work tasks, equipment, environment) for safe and efficient use by workers.
Good ergonomic design makes the most efficient use of worker capabilities while ensuring that job demands do not exceed those capabilities.
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Musculoskeletal Disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders, or MSDs, are injuries or illnesses to soft body tissue such as: Muscles Nerves Tendons Ligaments Joints Cartilage Spinal Discs
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Musculoskeletal Disorders
MSDs do not include injuries caused by slips, trips, falls or other similar accidents. MSDs can differ in severity from mild, periodic symptoms to severe, chronic and debilitating conditions.
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Aching
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Carpal Tunnel a tunnel in the wrist through which the median nerve and nine digital flexor tendons pass. Formed by the wrist bones and a dense transcarpal ligament. Continued and repetitive pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel can cause CTS.
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4. Feel pain/discomfort.
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MSDs-Prevention of CTS
If you do the same tasks with your hands over and over, try not to bend, extend or twist your hands for long periods. Dont work with your arms too close or too far from your body. Dont rest your wrists on hard surfaces for long periods. Switch hands during work tasks, if possible.
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MSDs-Prevention of CTS
Take regular breaks from repeated hand movements to give your hands and wrists time to rest. Dont sit or stand in the same position all day. Ensure your chair is adjusted so that your forearms are level with your keyboard and you dont have to flex your wrists to type.
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Lifting Avoid bending at the waist. Squat down with your back straight and knees bent. Grasp the object. Bring it close to your body. Slowly rise. Let your thigh muscles do the lifting.
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Standing
Shift your weight slightly. Use proper footwear with cushioned insoles. Avoid high heels. Proper posture when standing: shoulders not rolled forward, stomach area is pulled in, small of the back is straight, hips not tilted
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Footwear
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MSDs-Joint Disorders
Joints include many structures, such as tendons, muscles, nerves and bones.
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MSDs-Joint Disorders
Repetitive or prolonged stair- or ladder-climbing, kneeling or squatting, standing, carrying heavy loads and jumping are work tasks that may be associated with lower-extremity joint loading. Mechanical stresses associated with certain tasks can cause degenerative joint disease.
Degenerative joint disease can occur even after relatively low loads on joints if the forces are applied recklessly and repetitively.
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Bending wrists
Twisting at the waist Rolling shoulders Leaning forward Bending at the waist
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Force & Exertion = Forceful exertions place higher loads on the muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints. Factors: Weight of load or tool Bulkiness of load or tool Posture Speed of movement
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Lifting Place heavier material above the knees and below shoulder height. Use team lifting. Use mechanical devices such as tool supports, platforms lifts, barrel lifts, air lifts and hoists. Moving Reduce required force by using carts, trolleys, pallet jacks, conveyors and tracked lifts.
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Reduce Force and Exertion by Reducing: Weight of the object Weight of the container Load in the container Size of the container Quantity per container
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High-force exertions Awkward postures Static postures High velocity or acceleration of movement Swelling of injured tissue
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Ergonomic Tools
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Proper exercise means: Improved health Stronger body Improved endurance Reduced stress Better range of motion
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Life Factors-Medication
Medication has the potential to increase the risk of MSDs if it: Lowers or raises normal blood pressure Changes sense of balance Masks pain Relaxes muscles Affects blood circulation Affects eyesight
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Ergonomic Controls-Engineering
Ergonomic Controls-Engineering
Engineering controls: Are the preferred method for controlling hazards Make physical changes to tasks Act on the source of the hazard Control employee exposure Do not require self-protective action
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Ergonomic Workstations
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Ergonomic Controls-Administrative
Administrative controls = procedures and methods that significantly reduce daily exposure to WMSD hazards by altering the way in which work is performed.
Examples: Employee Rotation Job task enlargement Adjustment of work place Redesign of work methods Alternative tasks Rest breaks
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Sitting Posture
Use a straight chair with support for your lower spinal curve. You can use a small cushion or rolled up towel behind your back to maintain the proper curve . Check the seats height. Adjust your seat so that your knees are slightly lower than your hips. If the seats height is not adjustable, use a footrest if necessary. Keep your feet flat; avoid crossing your legs. Keep your ankles and elbows at right angles.
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Sitting Posture
Sit close to your desk so you dont have to bend forward. If you do bend, bend from your hips. Position your work or chair so you can look forward rather than down. Use a document holder or move your computer screen so the top of it is at eye level. Shift your position frequently to prevent strain. Take a break or do stretching exercises
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Ergonomic Chair
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The bottom line: prevent accidents and injuries from occurring! Ensuring your workstation is ergonomically designed is one method to prevent injuries. All employees need to have a basic understanding of ergonomics and should report any ergonomic hazards to their supervisor immediately.
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Pull one leg to your chest, grasp with both hands and hold for a count of five. Repeat with the opposite leg.
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Exercises - Windmill
Place your feet apart on the floor. Bend over and touch your right hand to your left foot, with your left arm up. Repeat with opposite arm.
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Slowly roll your shoulders forward five times in a circular motion using your full range of motion.
Then roll your shoulders backward five times with the same circular motion.
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Review
Review
Exercise regularly.
Ensure your workstation is set up to be ergonomically correct. Ensure lighting in your work area is adequate.
Questions
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