Chapter 2:

The World Today

Section 2:
Shaping the Industrial World
 Emergence of Europe
 During the Middle Ages Europe was divided
into small kingdoms ruled by feudal lords, not
countries.
 Eventually, strong monarchies started to form
and take over certain areas of land, forming
unified countries. How?
 These European countries began to expand
their empires to every corner of the Earth.
 Emergence of Europe
 The Renaissance helped Europeans
“wakeup” by learning from past
civilizations.

 Learningfrom the past helped these

people come up important new scientific
discoveries and develop practical
inventions.
 Emergence of Europe
 Changes from a barter system of economy
to an economy based on accumulating
capital helped European countries expand.
 How?

 Some European rulers would amass

enough capital to invest in overseas travel.
 How did this help with the expansion of
European countries?
The 2 Agricultural Revolution
nd

 There were three main cause of the 2nd

agricultural revolution:
 New plants from America
 Improved farming methods
 New farming machinery

 Increasedfood production lead to rapid

population growth.
 The Industrial Revolution
 Between1750 and 1914 an Industrial Revolution
changed Europe and the United States.
 Two key features:
 Machines replaced hand tools.
 Steam and electricity replaced human and animal power.

 This revolution started with Britain’s clothing

making industry, where new machines helped
speed up production. Entrepreneurs risked their
money to set up these business hoping for a big
profit.
 The Industrial Revolution
 Entrepreneurs built factories in cities and
brought these news machines in to make
production easier. This idea quickly
spread to other industries.
 This lead to urbanization, or the growth of
cities.
 How?
 Imperialism
 These new factories need materials from all over
the world, so European countries began to
expand their empire all over the world. This is
known as Imperialism or the control by one
country of the political, economic, or cultural life
of another country.

 1870-1914 is known as the Age of Imperialism. –

Why?
 Imperialism
 Imperialismlead to a mass movement of
westernization. –What?

 Refers to the idea that the western way of life

(Western Europe and America) is better than
all other ways of life therefore everyone
should adapt their ways of life.
In what ways did this occur?
 Nationalism
 Wide spread Imperialism lead to a strong
sense of nationalism in most countries.
Nationalism is the pride in or loyalty to
one’s country.

 This
concept created rivalries between
European countries. –When and How?
 The Cold War
 After World War 2, the Cold War shaped
the international scene. This was a
political and economic struggle between
the former Soviet Union and the United
States.

 Where/when was this struggle evident

between the USA and the USSR?