PRONOUNCING S ENDINGS

WE USE S (OR ES) IN FOUR DIFFERENT WAYS:

In plural nouns: Why have you got three phones on your desk? In verbs: She phones him every day. In possessives: Have you got Marias phone number? In contractions of is and has: The phones ringing. The films started.

When we add an s (or es) to a word, the number of syllables in the word sometimes stays the same. day-days But sometimes we add an extra syllable to the pronunciation match matches

The rule is that we add an extra syllable if the last sound in the word is one of these: [s, z, , , t, d] If the last sound is a vowel, or any other consonant, the number of syllables stays the same. NB! We dont contract is or has after [s, z, , , t, d] The foods good. The service is good. The games started. The match has started.

IT CAN BE PRONOUNCED IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS:

/s/ if the preceding sound is voiceless. /z/ if the preceding sound is voiced. /iz/ nouns ending in [s], [z], [ ], [t],[d] form the plural by adding es which is pronounced [iz]. class classes bush- bushes garage- garages bridge- bridges bench- benches

/S/ PRONUNCIATION
When the word to which we add -(e)s/s ends in one of the following voiceless consonants sounds, [p, t, k, f, ], they are pronounced [-s]. E.g. stop - stops [stps] paint - paints [pents] cake - cakes [keks] laugh - laughs [lfs] myth - myths [ms] Beth Beths [bes] Pete Petes [pi:ts] Philip Philips [ 'flps]

[-Z ] PRONUNCIATION
When the word to which we are adding -(e)s/s ends in one of the voiced consonants sounds, [b, d, g, v, , m, n, , l, r] or any of the vowel sounds, they are pronounced [-z ]. Examples: bed - beds [bedz] dog - dogs [ dgz ] save - saves [seivz] bathe - bathes [bez] feel - feels [[filz] sing - sings [sz]

[-IZ] PRONUNCIATION
When the word to which we add -(e)s/s ends in one of the following sounds, [s, z, , , t, d] (sibilant sounds), they are pronounced [-iz]. Examples: house - houses ['hazz] rose roses/ Roses ['rozz] wash - washes [wiz] watch - watches [wtiz] Orange [rnd]

PRONOUNCING PAST TENSE ENDINGS

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE AND PAST PARTICIPLE OF ALL REGULAR VERBS END IN -ED.
To make the past tense of a regular verb, you add the ending ed Look-looked; explain explained Or just d if there is already a letter e at the end of the infinitve Live-lived

Normally, the number of syllables stays the same.

HOW DO WE PRONOUNCE THE -ED?

In 3 ways / Id/ / t/ / d/

TRY TO READ THE EXAMPLES:

If the base verb ends in one of thesesounds: unvoiced voiced unvoiced /t/ /d/ /p/ /f/ /s/ /S/ /tS/ /k/ voiced all other sounds, for example...

example base verb*: want end hope laugh fax wash watch like play allow

example with -ed: wanted ended hoped laughed faxed washed watched liked played allowed

pronounce the -ed: / Id/

extra syllable? yes

/ t/

no

/ d/

beg

begged

/T/ AFTER VOICELESS CONSONATS /D/ AFTER VOICED CONSONANTS AND VOWELS

EXCEPTIONS!!!
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/: aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, naked, ragged, wicked, wretched So we say: an aged man /Id/ a blessed nuisance /Id/ a dogged persistence /Id/ a learned professor - the professor, who was truly learned /Id/ a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /Id/

BUT
But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say: he aged quickly /d/ he blessed me /t/ they dogged him /d/ he has learned well /d/ or /t/

WRITE THE PHONETIC SYMBOL FOR EACH -ED VERB ENDING

started, needed, reached, regarded, decided, locked, realized,permitted, discovered, painted, examined, closed, renovated, looked, glanced

LETS TRY TO READ THIS!