Energy Efficient Data Centre UPS

Eatons Energy Advantage Architecture

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

The Quest For Energy Efficiencies

The Key Challenge for Data Centre Operators
Energy Efficiency
Reduced OpEx Sustainability Regulations

The Solution
Eaton 9390, 9395 & BladeUPS UPS
Industry-leading efficiency in double conversion mode
Source: CEMEP UPS

Energy Advantage Architecture

Innovative proprietary technologies bringing new ways to maximise UPS energy efficiencies without compromising on reliability
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Defining a Green UPS

Initial cost of ownership Savings in delivery costs Savings in real estate requirements Savings in installation and cabling Savings in operating costs Savings in maintenance costs

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Transformer-free technology
Low frequency & analogue control designs require transformers

Advanced high frequency digitally controlled IGBT designs dont!

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Transformer-free topology

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Transformer-free: The result

250kW Transformerfree magnetics assembly

250kW Transformerbased magnetics assembly

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Transformer-free benefits
High Efficiency over range Input Power Performance Output Power Performance NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGY: Next Generation Green Technology. Lowest Pollution to Electrical GRID

LOWER COST OF OWNERSHIP: Save on Operating Costs + Capital.

TRANSFORMER-FREE UPS

EATON EXPERIENCE: First to Introduce Transformer-free Technology. Over 15 years of experience Proven Reliability

ENTIRE RANGE: Footprint & Weight Total Cost of Ownership

EATON
Advantages

Entire Range available from 1kVA to >1100kVA Common feature set

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

Transformer-Free resources

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

Energy Advantage Architecture

Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies to maximise UPS performance & efficiency
Energy Saver System (ESS)
The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode when needed (in less than 2ms)

Variable Module Management System (VMMS)

Maximised efficiency in double conversion mode Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications

Energy Advantage Architecture Higher System Efficiency No Compromise On Reliability

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

Energy Saver System (ESS)

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The Purpose Energy Saver System

Energy Saver System (ESS) allows the UPS user to achieve the ultimate power efficiency without compromising the protection of the supported equipment.

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The Power Supply

Common Theme Universal input Power factor corrected (PFC)

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Is Double Conversion necessary?

Acceptable Input Voltage to UPS

On Line UPS provide constant voltage regulation, but may unnecessarily waste energy
On Line UPS with Energy Saver or ECO modes work in bypass mode when mains is suitable, and in Double Conversion mode when line voltage is close to the limits of ITIC Curve Transition time between Normal and Double Conversion mode should be ~2-4 ms under all line/load conditions up to 2x faster than any Mission Critical STS
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Energy Saver System engages modules according to input power

Input Power Quality Active Modules

Superior patented detection and transition technology

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Energy Saver System saves even more at lower loadings

ESS Efficiency - 99% across the complete operating range

85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer-based UPS Continuous power tracking and proprietary DSP algorithms combined with transformer-free topology ensures critical loads are always protected
2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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How is ESS better than ECO-mode?

Conventional Eco-modes have been available on UPS products for >10 years
Conventional ECO-mode is accomplished in one of two ways:
Power the load with Bypass Utility and wait for the UPS to start, sync, and transfer to double conversion mode when disturbances occur This takes too long. Operate in line interactive mode with the inverter running for faster transitions to double conversion mode - if the inverter is running, efficiency is not maximised (no better than 96-98%.)

ESS solves both issues; it provides best possible efficiency, and instantaneous transfer to double conversion when needed.

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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How is ESS better than ECO-mode?

Eaton's Energy Saver System offers the highest efficiency in the industry (99%)
Superior detection and transition patented technology.
Our power system fault detection technology allows for a warp speed detection and correction of disturbances well below 2 ms Our adaptive algorithm turns off the static switch before the inverter and avoids back-feeding the input in 600 micro seconds.

In short, we can detect and transition faster and more reliably than traditional ECO mode or high efficiency schemes.

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Utility Fault Transitions - Three Phase Outage

Source Outage

ESS Output Response 1.2 ms

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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages

Test Setup
Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7

Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8

Load -> 100KW Resistive Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery

Test Description
1/2 cycle 0% dropout sequence (All Phases) (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault)

Source

Test Result
1.2ms Transfer Time (600us detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time).

Output

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Continued

Test Setup
Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7

Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8

Load -> 225KVA Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries

Test Description
40 cycle 40% dropout sequence (All Phases)

Source Test Result

1.6ms Transfer Time (1ms detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time).

Output

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages

Test Setup
Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7

Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8

Load -> 100KW Resistive Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery

Test Description
1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (phase L1) (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault)

Source

Test Result
1ms Transfer Time

Output

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued

Test Setup
Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7

Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8

Load -> 100KW Resistive Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery

Test Description
12 cycle 40% dropout sequence (phase L2)

Test Result
1.2ms Transfer Time

Source

Output

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued

Test Setup
Source Channels -> 3 ,5 & 7

Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8

Load -> 225KVA Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries

Test Description
1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (Phase L2)

Source Test Result

1.6ms Transfer Time

Output

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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User Configurable Modes

The Eaton 9395 Energy Saver System UPS features three configurable modes of operation:
Double Conversion Energy Saver System High Alert allows user defined conditions to return to ESS

All modes are selectable from the front panel or through serial communications (XCP).

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Additional Advantages of ESS

High Alert Mode User commands (locally or remotely) UPS to enter Double Conversion mode for a pre-defined time. At timeout, the unit automatically reverts to ESS Storm Detection Mode UPS senses a significant number of disturbances during a short period of time. It automatically switches to Double Conversion operation for 8 hours, then reverts to ESS. Lower duty cycle for rectifier and inverter will improve reliability and MTBF

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Additional Advantages of ESS

Fans are typically off; therefore the reliability of one of the few moving parts in the UPS is enhanced. Contrast with flywheel-based hi efficiency systems (Piller, Hitec and Active Power)
Audible noise is reduced, since fans and PWM are off. More flexibility in location of the UPS near offices, public areas etc.

EMI is dramatically reduced, since the power converters are idling 99.xx% of the time
Load inrush handling is enhanced, due to lower impedance of utility source vs. inverter. This is good for motor loads and medical imaging applications ESS allows "seasonal scheduling" that is, run in non-ESS during the Summer thunderstorm season, then run in ESS rest of the year

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Operation at load faults

ESS Output Fault Detection (Breaker Clearing)
While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting the difference between a load fault and an upstream short. If a load fault is detected, the UPS will try to clear the fault/breaker by remaining in ESS. If the fault is a short upstream from the UPS, it will immediately perform a forward transfer. The forward transfer time is less than 2 ms (due to the DSP control)

ESS Overload Behavior

If the load exceeds 110% of the UPS capacity while in Energy Saver System, the UPS will transfer to bypass and will remain there until the overload clears. Once the overload clears, the unit transitions back to Energy Saver System (except for output faults see above).

In Load Fault Mode, ESS Stays on Bypass and supplies inverter current to provide maximum fault current!
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2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Summary Energy Saver System

Energy costs are overwhelming equipment costs in data centres.
UPS electrical losses account for 5-10% of the overall electrical expenditure.*

Eatons Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero. The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than 5 years.

* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moores Law, Uptime Institute, 2007
2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Energy Advantage Architecture

Variable Module Management System (VMMS)

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The Challenge For UPSs

F A C T S In double conversion mode, the efficiency of any UPS varies depending on the % of load
Highest efficiency when close to full capacity This is fact in redundant systems

The Solution:
Eaton 9395 UPS and VMMS

UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity

C H A L L E N G E

How to maximise efficiency potential of UPS systems with lighter loads

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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VMMS Principle
Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations

* In ready state, the UPM rectifies DClink, generates logic level PWM signals, and filters EMI and lightning spikes.

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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UPMs in Ready State

The ability of the UPS to quickly turn UPMs on is due to the UPM being in a Ready State

In Ready State:
UPM Output Contactor is closed; Output Filter is connected and DC Bus is energised via the inverter; logic level PWM signals are generated, but IGBT gate pulses are held off In VMMS mode, UPMs can pick up load in <1ms In ESS mode, the output filter capacitors also provide surge protection the more UPMs, the more protection!
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UPM cycling
At the beginning of each ABM cycle, all UPMs are turned on All UPMs are on during charge cycle At the end of the ABM cycle, UPS reverts to VMMS mode different UPMs are turned off after each ABM cycle, to ensure the workload is shared equally amongst UPMs over the systems life

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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VMMS In A Nutshell
9395 UPS Efficiency
96 94

92

9395 9395 1100kVA 825kVA 550kVA with withVMMS VMMSand andN+0 N+0configuration* configuration*

Efficiency %

VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves

(according to systems redundancy requirements)

90

Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS

88

Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS

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up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve

Eaton 9395 550kVA UPS Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS Typical Operating Range

84 82

80
78

Load kVA 9395 275kVA 9395 550kVA 9395 825kVA 9395 1100kVA 9395 VMMS N+0

Notes: - Scaled drawing - VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS default max UPM % load level @ 80% (*)
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VMMS Applications
VMMS can be used in all multi-module (multiple-UPM) 9395 systems
Single 9395 units from 550kVA to 1100kVA Distributed parallel systems Centralised SBM Systems

Typical Applications Where VMMS is Particularly Efficient

Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPSs
Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load level where efficiency is not optimal

Data Centres, especially when UPS system feeds dual corded servers Any applications when load is not constant
2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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VMMS Example:
9395 / 825kVA Units in Dual Corded Load with A and B feeds Example with 440kVA load
(A 220kVA + B 220kVA)
Single or Dual Source Data Centre with Dual Corded Servers

UPS Configuration Efficiency

@ 440kVA load

Without VMMS
91.2% Used as reference for savings calculation Industry-leading UPS efficiency in double conversion

VMMS on N+1 Redundancy

92.8%

VMMS on N+0 Redundancy

94.3%

UPS Energy Savings

56 MWh / year

108 MWh / year

Additional benefits & comments

Additional energy savings from reduced cooling in VMMS (typically +30-40% to UPS energy savings) UPMs in VMMS idle mode available for redundancy

A Feed 220kVA

A Feed 220kVA

A Feed 220kVA

B Feed 220kVA

B Feed 220kVA

B Feed 220kVA

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3 x 825 Parallel System Efficiency

9395 VMMS System Efficiency Curves (Typical)
100%

95%

System Efficiency %

90%

85%

Efficiency VMMS Disabled Efficiency VMMS Enabled

80%

75%

70% 0 10 20 30 40 50
System Load %

60

70

80

90

100

Eaton Confidential
2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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ESS with VMMS Double Conversion

50% of Load Data Centre with Dual Corded Servers A B VMMS > 93% Efficiency 50% of Load

ESS 99% Efficiency ESS on A

Single or Dual Source

X
VMMS on B

> 3% efficiency improvement over existing double conversion only approach

ESS 99% efficiency for 50 % of the system load VMMS >93% efficiency for 50% of the system load

Double Conversion backup for 100% of system load For dual source no need for down stream static switch

2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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ESS & VMMS How Can I Get It?

Variable Module Management System is available
on Eaton 9395 UPS Earlier installations can also be upgraded with VMMS capability

Energy Saver System is available on all Eaton BladeUPS, 9390 and 9395 UPS

stand alone single UPS

parallel systems

Also all earlier installations can be upgraded with the ESS capability
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ESS & VMMS Resources

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ESS & VMMS Resources

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Easy Capacity Test

9390 & 9395

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UPS Load Tests

Load banks are bulky and heavy Test arrangements require plenty of work Heat can be an issue if CRAC is not ready Load bank rentals are expensive Testing consumes energy

Why not recycle the power?

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Easy Capacity Test

The 9395 leverages an enhanced startup and commissioning offering exclusive to Eaton field technicians. It can take the place of some traditional load bank tests to save customers time and money during startup and commissioning. This load test ensures validation of performance of an installed UPS and can simulate various operations and power transfers.

No load banks to rent No load connections needed No wasted energy

Load test capability saves customers time and money Eaton Confidential
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Easy Capacity Test

Energy is fed back to mains through static bypass All power paths including bypass tested with load Energy consumption is limited to losses
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Easy Capacity Test Battery Discharge

Energy is fed to mains instead of a load bank

Other loads in facility consume the energy

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Easy Capacity Test Resources

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 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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