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Pediatric Dentistry
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).
All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Introduction
Pediatric dentistry is the specialized area of dentistry that is limited to the care of children from birth through adolescence, with particular focus on providing oral health care to patients with special needs.
Stages of Childhood
Birth to age 2
Children learn to sit, stand, walk, and run. Vocally, they progress from babbling to using simple sentences. Can identify familiar faces and progress through periods of being friendly and then fearful of strangers. Too young to be expected to cooperate in dental treatment.
Behavior Management
Be honest with a child. Consider the child's point of view. Use tell, show, do. Give positive reinforcement.
Special Patients
Mental retardation Mild mental retardation describes individuals with IQs ranging from 50-55 to 70. Moderate mental retardation describes individuals with IQs ranging from 35-40 to 50-55. Severe mental retardation describes individuals with IQs ranging from 20-25 to 35-40. Profound mental retardation describes individuals with IQs ranging from below 20 to 25.
Preventive Dentistry
Oral hygiene
Geared to improving a child's brushing and flossing technique. Fluorides Children between 6 months and age 16 should take in fluoride daily. Diet Review specific nutrients a child needs to grow.
Operative Procedures
Restorative
Amalgam Composite Endodontic procedures Pulp capping Pulpotomy Prosthodontic procedures Stainless steel crowns
Traumatic Injuries
Causes of dental injuries to children
Automobile accidents Bicycle accidents Sports injuries Child abuse
Types of Injuries
Fractured anterior teeth Documentation of the accident includes:
Clinical examination Radiographs Vitality testing
Child Abuse
Child abuse must be suspected when:
Injuries are in various stages of healing. Chipped or injured teeth. Scars inside the lips or on the tongue and tears of the labial frena. Battering or other injuries around the head and neck. Facial bruises, swelling of the facial structures, or black eyes. Bite marks. Injuries not consistent with the explanation presented by the parent.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.