Experience is the greatest teachers

" "

Senses are the gateways of knowledge Above statements provide the psychological basis for the importance

of learning resources.

The Cone of Experience

The cone of experience is a pictorial device use to explain the interrelationships of the various types of audio-visual media, as well as their individual positions in the learning process. The cone's utility in selecting instructional resources and activities is as practical today as when Dale created it.

Background
Years ago an educator named Edgar Dale (Educational Media, 1960), often cited as the father of modern media in education, developed from his experience in teaching and his observations of learners the "cone of experience. The cone's utility in selecting instructional resources and activities is as practical today as when Dale created it.

Cone of Experience (Background): ): (

Developed By: Edgar Dale (1960)

Edgar Dale is often cited as the father of modern

media in education Basis: his experience in teaching and his observations of learners :

PEOPLE GENERALLY REMEMBER

10% of what they read

20% of what they hear 30% of what they see 50% of what they hear and see - video 70% of what they say or write 90% of what they say as they do something

Interpreting the Cone

The cone is based on the relationships of

various educational experiences to reality (real life). The bottom level of the cone, "direct purposeful experiences," represents reality or the closest things to real, everyday life.

1. Direct Purposeful Experiences ( ): The bottom level of the cone, represents reality or the closest things to real, everyday life. / These experiences have least abstractness and

Interpreting the Cone ( ):

maximum concreteness. A learner himself experiences these by coming into contact with the actual happenings in a real life situation.

Interpreting the Cone ( ):

1. Direct

Purposeful

Experiences

): There is opportunity for the learner to use a variety or several senses (sight, smell, hearing, touching, movement).

: ,

,, ,

Each level of the cone above its base moves a learner a

step further away from real- life experiences.

/ ,

experiences: ( ): These experiences are not very rich, concrete and direct as real life direct experience. ,
2. Contrived These may be provided with the help of some laboratory

experiments or working model.

( ): The experiences gained by students through their active participation and role playing in dramatic activities.
3. Dramatic Participation:

4. Demonstration: (): The experiences gained by the students through the

observation of what is being demonstrated by the teacher ,

5. Field trips: (-): These arranged situation

in the form of educational tours, trips, excursions and outings may provide valuable opportunities to students for giving real life direct experiences. , , 6. Exhibition: (): experience through the observation and organization of educationally significant exhibitions.

7. Motion Pictures: ( ): It (television) is

an observational experience with little or no opportunity to participate or use senses other than seeing and hearing. ( )

Recordings: ( ): provide auditory experience to learners through certain arranged talks and discussion.
8. Audio

9. Visual Symbols: ( ): provide more real and concrete

experience than the verbalism or verbal symbols presentation.

10. Verbal Symbols: ( ): These are marked as the most

abstract learning experiences. (spoken words are more abstract than the written words). ( ) ?
?

A B C D E F G H I.

..... .......

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.

....

 :
When Dale formulated the cone of experience,

computers were not a part of educational or home settings, so they aren't part of the original cone. ,

More Interpretation
The opportunity for a learner to use a variety

or several senses (sight, smell, hearing, touching, movement) is considered in the cone. Direct experience allows us to use all senses. As you move up the cone, fewer senses are involved at each level.

 The more sensory channels possible in

interacting with a resource, the better the chance that many students can learn from it.
Each level of the cone above its base moves a

learner a step further away from real- life experiences, so experiences focusing only on the use of verbal symbols are the furthest removed from real life.

NOTE THAT:

When Dale formulated the cone of

experience, computers were not a part of educational or home settings, so they aren't part of the original cone.