Expert Systems

An expert system is a computer program that is designed to hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain experts

KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

CONCEPT
KNOWLEDGE BASE

FACT

USER

EXPERTISE

INFERENCE ENGINE

TUJUAN SISTEM PAKAR

Memasyarakatkan Pengetahuan dan Pengalaman seorang pakar Dapat digunakan non-expert untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah oleh pakar sebagai knowledgeable assistant Memecahkan masalah tanpa kehadiran seorang pakar

Components of an Expert System

The knowledge base is the collection of facts and rules which describe all the knowledge about the problem domain The inference engine is the part of the system that chooses which facts and rules to DATABASE apply when trying to solve the users query The user interface is the part of the system which takes in the users query in a readable form and passes it to the inference engine. It then displays the results to the user.

PARTISIPASI DALAM MEMBANGUN SISTEM PAKAR DAN ATURAN-ATURANNYA

Why use Expert Systems?

Experts are not always available. An expert system can be used anywhere, any time. Human experts are not 100% reliable or consistent Experts may not be good at explaining decisions Cost effective

Problems with Expert Systems

Limited domain Systems are not always up to date, and dont learn No common sense Experts needed to setup and maintain system

KNOWLEDGE BASE
Rule Based Reasoning
Aturan :IF-THEN Contoh
Rule 1 : IF hewan berambut dan menyusui THEN hewan mamalia Rule 2 : IF hewan bersayap dan bertelur THEN hewan unggas Rule 3 : IF hewan mamalia dan memakan daging THEN hewan karnivora dll

Case Based Reasoning

Penalaran berbasis kasus Berisi solusi-solusi, solusi tersebut akan diturunkan untuk keadaan yang terjadi sekarang (fakta yang ada)

INFERESI
FORWARD CHAINING
Dimulai dari IF kemudian THEN Dimulai dari FAKTA kemudian menguji kebenaran HIPOTESIS

BACKWARD CHAINING
Dimulai dari THEN kemudian IF Dimulai dari HIPOTESIS kemudian untuk menguji kebenaran dicari fakta-fakta yang ada.

KNOWLEDGE BASE

A1

Monitor Rusak Memori Rusak

A5

Sound Card Rusak

A9

Prosesor Rusak

A13

Kabel IDE rusak

A2

A3

HDD Rusak

Memori Kurang OS Kurang Daya pada A6 A10 A14 bermasalah (Upgrade PSU Memori) (Upgrade) Memori Aplikasi VGA Perangkat A7 A11 A15 Rusak Kurang USB rusak (Upgrade)
Clock Prosesor Kurang Tinggi A16 A17 Keyboard Rusak Mouse Rusak

A4 VGA Rusak A8 PSU Rusak A12

RULE BASE

FORWARD CHAINING
Contoh : IF B1 : Tidak ada Gambar AND B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal ditengah monitor THEN A1 : Monitor Rusak

BACKWARD CHAINING
Contoh MONITOR RUSAK Apakah : B1 : Tidak ada Gambar AND B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal ditengah monitor HIPOTESA BENAR = 100%

Teknik Pencarian
Depth First Search
Ruang Pencarian secara Vertical, (Kiri ke Kanan) Keuntungannya : Permasalahan dapat digali lebih mendalam (detail) Kerugiannya : Waktu lama

Breadth First Search

Penelusuran ke setiap node dalam level yang sama sebelum ke level dibawahnya Keuntungannya : setiap node akan di check secara keseluruhan pada tiap tingkatan Kerugiannya : waktu lama ketika berada di node terakhir, tidak efektif karena bisa menyebabkan tidak ada relasi.

Applications of Expert Systems

PUFF: Medical system for diagnosis of respiratory conditions

PROSPECTOR: Used by geologists to identify sites for drilling or mining

Applications of Expert Systems

MYCIN: Medical system for diagnosing blood disorders. First used in 1979

DESIGN ADVISOR: Gives advice to designers of processor chips

Applications of Expert Systems

DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds. First used in 1965

LITHIAN: Gives advice to archaeologists examining stone tools

Expert Systems on the Web

http://www.aiinc.ca/demos/whale.html http://www.vanguardsw.com/ decisionscript/examples.htm http://www.exsys.com/demomain.html http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/car http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/wine