VB .

NET Database Access

ISYS546

Microsoft Universal Data Access

ODBC: Open Database Connectivity
A driver manager Used for relational databases

OLE DB: The OLE database protocol

Allows a program to access information in many types of data source. Data provider: databases, spreadsheets, etc.

ADO.NET: ActiveX Data Objects

An Interface for OLE DB. Allow programmers to use a standard set of objects to refer to any OLE DB data source.

.Net Applications
ADO.Net

SQL Server OLE DB .Net Data Provider .Net Data Provider

SQL Server Data Source

OLE DB Provider ODBC

ODBC Data Source

OLE DB Provider
OLE DB Data Source

Using ODBC
Windows 2000/2003:
Control Panel /Administrative Tools/DataSource(ODBC)

Three types of data source names

User DSN: usable only by you and only on the machine currently using. System DSN: Any one using the machine can use. File DSN: Can be copied and used by other computers with the same driver installed.

VB.NET Database Tools

Database connection:
Tool/Connect to database
Provider:MS Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider Connection

Server Explorer
Data connections:
Right click and Add Connection Tables, Views

Toolbox:Data tab Data Form Wizard

Steps to Retrieve Data

Establishes a connection to the database. Executes commands against the database. Store data results.

ADO.NET Objects
.NET Applications

Data Set
Adapter Data Reader

Command Object
Connection Object

Database

ADO.NET Objects
Connection Object: Represent a connection to the database. Command Object: The command object allows us to execute a SQL statement or a stored procedure. DataReader: It is a read-only and forward-only pointer into a table to retrieve records. DataSet Object: A DataSet object can hold several tables and relationships between tables. DataAdapter: This the object used to pass data between the database and the dataset.

How to create an ADO.Net object?

Using Wizard
Data Form Wizard Data Adapter Wizard

Using code:
Example:
dim strConn as string ="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source = c:\sales2k.mdb" dim objConn as new OledbConnection(strConn) objConn.open()

Data Form Wizard

Creating a form with ADO.Net objects and databound controls to display and update information in a dataset. Demo: Using Data Form Wizard to create a navigational form.
Project/Add Windows Form/Data Form Wizard Set connection Choose tables Display records in grid or in text boxes.

Adapter & Dataset Context Menu

Adapter:
Properties:
Command objects

Configure Adapter Generate dataset Preview data

Dataset:
View Schema: Dataset/XML

Other Data Form Demos

Display records in text boxes. Add /Modify/Delete records. Hierarchical forms:
Parent/Child relationship

Creating A Database Application Without Programming

Creating a database application to display information and update database. A main form with buttons to open data forms:
DisplayInfo Enter New Modify Exit

Data Adapter Wizard

Configure Data Adapter and generating a dataset:
Drag OledbDataAdapter (or databases table) to the form. Use the Data Adapter Wizard to configure the Adapter. Right Click the Adapter to preview data and creating dataset.

Bind the dataset to controls.

Data Binding
Connect a control or property to one or more data elements. Simple binding: Use simple binding to display a field value in controls that show Data Bindings in the property window, such as text box or label. Complex binding: Use complex binding to bind more than one field to controls such as DataGrid and list box. Use the controls Data Source and Data Member to bind the data.

Creating Bound Controls

DataGrid control:
Data Source property Data Member property In the Form Load event, use Adapters Fill method to load the dataset:
OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet11)

Binding Text Box

Data Bindings property:
Text: choose field

Add navigation buttons:

The current record position within the dataset is stored in a forms BindingContexts Position property. This position is zero based. Add one move to the next record, minus one move to the previous record.

MoveNext and MoveLast Example

MoveNext:

Me.BindingContext(DataSet21, "customer").Position += 1

MoveLast:
Me.BindingContext(DataSet21, "customer").Position = Me.BindingContext(DataSet21, "customer").Count -1

How to MovePrevious and MoveFirst? Note: The Position property takes care of the end of file automatically.

CurrencyManager
Dim custCurrMgr As CurrencyManager Dim ordCurrMgr As CurrencyManager In a procedure:
ordCurrMgr = Me.BindingContext(Ds31, "orders") custCurrMgr = Me.BindingContext(Ds31, customer") custCurrMgr.Position += 1 ordCurrMgr.Position += 1

Binding DataGrid
From Server Explorer, drag the table from a database connection (or from Data tab, drag a oleDbAdapter) onto the form. Create dataset. Drag DataGrid and set the DataSource and Data Member property. Use adapters Fill method to load the dataset.

Displaying Many Tables with One DataGrid

Define one Adapter for each table. Create the dataset with multiple tables. Add a DataGrid control and set the DataSource proeprty to the dataset name and leave the DataMember property blank.

Creating Hierarchical Data Grid

Define two Adapters, one for the parent table and one for the child table. Create the dataset. Right-click the dataset to View Schema Right-click the parent table and choose Add/New Relation Add a DataGrid control and set the DataSource proeprty to the dataset.parentTable and leave the DataMember property blank. Note: DO File/SaveAll after creating the relation.

Binding ListBox
Example: Bind Customer Tables CID field to a listbox.
Create a Adapter to retrieve CID (and Cname) fields , and generate the dataset. Add ListBox and set binding properties:
Data Source Display Member Value Member: the actual values for items in the list box. To display the selected items value in a text box, do:
Textbox1.text = ListBox1.SelectedValue

Can we use TextBox1.text=ListBox1.SelectedItem?

No!

Display Selected Record

Bound textbox:
Me.BindingContext(DataSet11, "customer").Position = ListBox1.SelectedIndex

Unbound textbox

ListBox SelectedItem Property

How to display the selected record in unbound textbox? After binding to a data source, this property return a DataRowView object. What is DataRowView?
Object Browser:
System.Data
System.Data DataRowView: Item property

To retrieve a column from a DataRowView object (use 0-based index to identity a column):
ListBox1.SelectedItem.Item(1) Or: ListBox1.SelectedItem(1) Or: ListBox1.SelectedItem(Cname)

Using Object Browser

View/Object Browser DataSet object model: System.Data
DataSet
Relations Tables
Rows Columns

Use Object Browser to study objects properties, methods.

Collection Structure
Properties:
Count Item(index), 0-based index

Methods:
Clear, Add, Insert, Remove, etc.

Navigate and Display Records in Unbound Text Boxes

Use code to assign field value to the text boxs text property. Example:
Dim drFound As DataRow drFound = DataSet11.CUSTOMER.Rows(0)
Or DataSet11.Tables(CUSTOMER).Rows(0)

TextBox4.Text = drFound.Item("cname")
Or drFound.Item(1)

Or: TextBox4.Text = DataSet11.CUSTOMER.Rows(0).Item(1) Or: DataSet21.Tables.Item("customer").Rows.Item(0).Item(1)

Implement MoveNext Button with Unbound Control

If rowIndex < DataSet11.CUSTOMER.Rows.Count-1 Then rowIndex += 1
TextBox1.Text = DataSet11.Tables("customer").Rows(rowIndex).Item(0) TextBox2.Text = DataSet11.CUSTOMER.Rows(rowIndex).Item(1)

Else MsgBox("out of bound") End If Note: MovePrevious, MoveLast, MoveFirst?

Using Object Browser to Study OleDB Object

System.Data
System.Data.OleDB
OleDBConnection
Methods: New(), New(ConnectionString), Open(), Close() Properties: ConnectionString, DataBase, Provider, TimeOut

OleDBCommannd
Methods: ExecuteReader, ExecuteNonQuery Properties: Connection, CommandType, CommandText, Parameters

OleDBDataAdapter
Methods: Fill Properties: SelectCommand, InsertCommand, DeleteCommand, UpdateCommand.

Searching with the Find Method

Another Way to Bind Listbox and Display Selected Record Create an adapter to retrieve Customer records and create a dataset. Bind the CID field to the listbox. Use the Find method of Tables Rows collection to find the record. Display the found record in unbound text boxes.

Code Example
Private Sub ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ListBox1.SelectedIndexChanged Dim drFound As DataRow drFound = DataSet41.CUSTOMER.Rows.Find(ListBox1.SelectedValue)
Assume SelectedValue is CID

TextBox1.Text = drFound.Item("cname")

TextBox2.Text = drFound.Item("rating")
End Sub Note: We can get the search value from other controls such as InputBox and Textbox.

How to Determine If Record Exists or Not

Dim foundRow As DataRow Dim SearchValue as String SearchValue=InputBox(Enter CID) foundRow = DataSet41.CUSTOMER.Rows.Find (SearchValue) If Not (foundRow Is Nothing) Then TextBox1.Text = drFound.Item("cname") TextBox2.Text = drFound.Item("rating") Else Messagerbox.show(Record not exist) End If

Creating Parameter Query with Adapter Configuration Wizard

Parameter query: Selection criteria is entered at run time. Command objects Parameters property. Example: Orders table: OID, CID, Odate, SalesPerson To create a parameter for the CID field:
In the Query Design windows criteria column of the CID field, add criteria: =?

To assign the parameter value:

OleDbDataAdapter2.SelectCommand.Parameters("cid").Value =

Demo: Get CID from a InputBox and display orders.

Parameter Query Example:

Select CID from a listBox and display orders of the selected CID in a DataGrid
Create and bind the listbox (specify the valueMember). Create a second adapter and define a parameter query. In the Query Design windows criteria column, add criteria: =? Generate a 2nd dataset (DataSet21 in this example) with the parameter. Create and bind the DataGrid to the dataset. In the listboxs SelectedIndexChanged event, assign the selected value to the parameter and fill the dataset:
DataSet21.Clear() OleDbDataAdapter2.SelectCommand.Parameters("cid").Value = ListBox1.SelectedValue OleDbDataAdapter2.Fill(DataSet21)

Display Selected Record in Text Boxes

with Parameter Query

Create and bind the listbox. Create a second adapter and define a parameter query.
In the Query Design windows criteria column, add criteria: =?

Generate the dataset with the parameter. Create and bind textboxes to the dataset. In the listboxs click event, assign the selected value to the parameter and fill the dataset:
DataSet11.Clear() OleDbDataAdapter2.SelectCommand.Parameters("cid").Value = ListBox1.SelectedValue OleDbDataAdapter2.Fill(DataSet11)

Send Changes in a Bound DataGrid Back to the Database

Updating records in DataGrid:
New records are added at the end of the grid. To delete a record, click the leftmost column to select the record, then press the delete key. Modify record

Add an Update button that use adapters update method to send changes back to the data source:
OledbDataAdapter1.Update(Dataset11)

Creating Parent/Child Form with Binding

Dataset contains Customer and Orders with relation CustomerOrders. Bind the textboxes to Customer table. Bind the datagrid to the relation:
DataSource: Dataset DataMember: Customer/CustomerOrders

Note: Study the form created by the Data Form Wizard.