Sunteți pe pagina 1din 35

Chapter 4 Gear Box

Introduction
Gear box is a speed and torque changing device between the engine and the driving wheels. Purposes of Gear box:
It exchanges engine power for greater torque and thus provides a mechanical advantages to drive the vehicle under different conditions. It exchanges forward motion to reverse motion. It provides a neutral position to disallow power flow to the rest of power train.

Introduction
The vehicles require high torque when climbing the hills and when starting, even at low speeds. When running at high speeds on level roads, high torque is not required because of momentum. The torque, which the engine can produce is limited to such as amount that the engine by itself can not develop the torque necessary for starting and for climbing hills.

Functions of Gear box


When driving power is required, it reduces the engine speed and transmit the stronger torque to the driving wheels. When high running speed is desired, it transmits high speed and low torque to the wheels. The gear box serves to reverse the vehicle.

Gears and Gear Ratios


Spur Gears:

Fig. Spur Gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


Helical Gears:

Fig. Helical Gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


Bevel Gears:

Fig. Bevel Gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


Worm Gears:

Fig. Worm Gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


Planetary Gears:

Fig. Planetary Gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


When one meshing gear rotates, the teeth of that gear cause the teeth of the other gear to move so that the other gear also rotates. The relative speed of the two meshing gears( gear ratio) is determined by the number of teeth of the two gears. Gear ratio = No. of teeth on driven gear No. of teeth on driving gear

Gears and Gear Ratios


Gear ratio = Speed of driving shaft Speed of driven shaft Gear ratio = Engine speed . Propeller shaft speed Example:
Same no. of teeth, rotate at the same speed. One gear has 15 teeth and other has 30 teeth. When the smaller gear is driving the larger gear, Gear ratio is 2:1.

Gears and Gear Ratios


The power available from the engine is directly related to the engine torque(T) and the gear ratio(G). Torque available at the wheel, Tw = T * G, when no loss in transmission. This driving force is known as tractive effort and the maximum amount which can be limited by the coefficient of adhesion between the tyre and the road. The tractive effort also varies with the vehicle speed as the engine torque varies with engine speed. To vary the speed of the road wheels relative to the engine, the gear box provides a number of varying ratios-usually 3 to 4 gear ratios are sufficient for passenger cars.

Types of Gear Boxes


1. Selective Type (Manual) Gearbox:
I. Sliding mesh, II. Constant mesh, III. Synchromesh.

2. Progressive Type. 3. Epicyclic or Planetary Type.

Selective Type (Manual) Gearbox


Its that transmission in which any speed may be selected from the neutral position. In this type of transmission, neutral position has to be obtained before selecting any forward or reverse position.

Selective Type (Manual) Gearbox


Advantages:
Simple in construction. Relatively free from troubles. Light and simple. Low production costs.

Disadvantages:
Noisy in operation. Gear ratios not being continuous but being in steps, we need to shift gears each time when vehicle is in running conditions.

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


4-speed gearbox:

Fig. Sliding Mesh Gearbox

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


First or Low Gear:

Fig. First or Low Gear Position

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Gear 1-2-5-6. Gear ratio(first gear) = Speed of clutch shaft Speed of main shaft Gear ratio(first gear) = (N1/N2) * (N5/N6) Gear ratio(first gear) = (T2/T1) * (T6/T5)

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Second Gear:

Fig. Second Gear Position

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Gear 1-2-3-4. Gear ratio(2nd gear) = Speed of clutch shaft Speed of main shaft Gear ratio(2nd gear) = (N1/N2) * (N4/N3) Gear ratio(2nd gear) = (T2/T1) * (T3/T4)

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Third (Top) Gear:

Fig. Top Gear Position

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Gear 1-2. Gear ratio(3rd gear) = 1:1.

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Reverse Gear:

Fig. Reverse Gear Position

Sliding Mesh Gearbox


Gear 1-2-7-8-6.
Gear ratio(reverse gear) = Speed of clutch shaft Speed of main shaft

Gear ratio(reverse gear) = (N1/N2) * (N6/N7) Gear ratio(reverse gear) = (T2/T1) * (T7/T6)

Constant Mesh Gearbox

Fig. Constant Mesh Gearbox

Constant Mesh Gearbox

Constant Mesh Gearbox


Double Declutching:
For the smooth engagement of the dog clutches, its necessary that the speed of main shaft gear and the sliding dog must be equal. Therefore to obtain lower gear, the speed of the clutch shaft, lay shaft and main shaft gear must be increased. This is done by double declutching.

Constant Mesh Gearbox


Advantages:
As the gears have to remain always in mesh, its no longer necessary to use straight spur gears. Helical gears are used for quieter running. Wear of dog teeth on account of engaging and disengaging is reduced because here all the teeth of dog clutches are involved compared to only two or three teeth in the case of sliding gears.

Synchromesh Gearbox

Fig. Synchromesh Mesh Gearbox

Synchromesh Gearbox
A = Engine shaft, Gears B, C, D, E = free gears on the main shaft, F1 & F2 = free to slide on splines on the main shaft, G1 & G2 = ring shaped members having internal teeth fit onto the external teeth members F1 & F2 resp., K1 & K2 = dog teeth on B and D resp., S1 & S2 = forks, T1 & T2 = balls supported by springs, prevent the sliding of members G1(G2) on F1(F2), M1, M2, N1, N2, P1, P2, R1, R2 are frictional surfaces.

Synchromesh Gearbox

Fig. Synchromesh Mesh Gearbox

Synchromesh Gearbox

Fig. Synchromesh Mesh Gearbox

Transfer Box
It uses for:
Drive in two wheel drive on highways or shift to four wheel drive for cross country operation, To drive in high gear or low gear as required.

Transfer Box

Fig. Transfer Box

Transfer box

Fig. 2WD in high gear

Fig. 4WD in low gear

S-ar putea să vă placă și