LETS EXERCISE OUR MIND

HARITHUN ALIAS

WHAT DID YOU SEE?

HARITHUN ALIAS

WHAT DID YOU SEE?

HARITHUN ALIAS

WHAT DID YOU SEE?

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MAKING OBSERVATION
By: Pn. Harithun bt. Hj Alias Pn. Mazliza bt Abu Bakar En. Zul Pakar b. Isa

OBSERVATION
State what you can observe. State what had taken place. Observation can be made from the data in a table / chart / diagram / experiment.

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OBSERVATION
State what you can observe in the table/chart/experiment State what is the OBJECT and the CHARACTERISTIC had taken place In other word Observation = Obj + Chr

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OBSERVATION
We use 5 senses : * Sight * Hearing * Touch * Taste * Smell To gather information on the object or the phenomenon.
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LETS OBSERVE

Identify the object. What is the character of the object?

Observation = Obj + Chr

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LETS OBSERVE!

Car P

Car Q

Identify the object. What is the character of the object?

Observation = Obj + Chr

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LETS OBSERVE!

Car P

Car Q

The size of Car P is bigger than Car Q.

Object Chr Object

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LETS OBSERVE!

Car P

Car Q

Car R

Identify the object. What is the character of the object?

Observation = Obj + Chr

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LETS OBSERVE!

Car Car PP

Car Q

Car R

The size of car P is the biggest compared to Car Q and Car R. The size of car P is the biggest compared to the others.
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OBSERVATION ON PLANTS
1.Height / Size of plant

2.Diameter of stem

3.Number of branches

4.Rate of growth
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Flowers / Leaves
Number Shape Colour Size

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FRUIT
Number Size Shape Weight Ability to float
For example: Coconut

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Plant B is bigger than plant A.

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Observation
Is a part of variables which is;

WHAT TO MEASURE / WHAT TO OBSERVE / RESPONDING VARIABLES

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INFERENCE

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INFERENCE
THE CAUSE WHY DOES IT HAPPEN? AN EARLY EXPLANATION / CONCLUSION FROM AN OBSERVATION WHY IT HAPPEN GIVE REASON

A) OBSERVATION (OBJ + CHR) + CAUSE = OBS + C B) OBSERVATION (OBJ + CHR) + WHY = OBS + WHY

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MAKING INFERENCES
The ability to make a logical statement to explain the cause and effect of an observation. Criteria Making Inference
State logic reason State other logic reason Observation to support the reason

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A1 The Basic Inference

State the logic reason base on an observation

State one reason (inference) based on the situation shown above.

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Suggested Answer
The fish died because the water was polluted

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Inference about the Differences (Comparison inferences)

State the logic reason base on the differences of the two observations.

water

oil

iron nail

boiled water

Give a reason (inference) based on the observation above.

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Suggested Answer
The iron nail in beaker A rusty because it was exposed to air and water compared to the iron nail in beaker B.

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Observation to support the reason

State one observation to support the reason given.

Inference/Reason: Pot A have more fertilizer than pot B State one observation to support your reason
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Suggested Answer
The size of plant in Pot A is bigger than the plant in Pot B. The size of the leaves in Pot A is bigger than the plant in Pot B.

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1 Dua ekor anak ketam yang sama umur telah dibela di dalam dua buah akuarium yang berlainan. Selepas tiga bulan ketam tersebut diperiksa untuk menyiasat keadaan tumbesarannya. Berikut adalah maklumatmaklumat yang diperolehi daripada penyiasatan itu.
Akuarium A Akuarium B

Ketam P Berat : 20 g Panjang : 8cm

Ketam Q Berat : 15 g Panjang : 6cm

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1 .Berdasarkan kepada suatu maklumat yang diperhatikan, beri dua inferens yang sesuai tentang perbezaan yang terdapat pada ketam tersebut. Pemerhatian Inferens: i ii... 2. Dengan memilih salah satu daripada inferens anda di atas, berikan satu pemerhatian lain untuk menyokong inferens itu. Inferens : . Pemerhatian lain: .

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Past year questions

Making inferences

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How to answer inferens Soalan Inferens berdasarkan Jadual Year 1990 2000
Number of tiger 100 40

State the trend/pattern .and give reason.. State two inferences 1.The number of tiger decreases because of the illegal logging 2.The number of tiger decreases because of the illegal hunting Give one reason to support your inferences in (a) Habitat of the animal species was destroyed
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Nyatakan inferens
Year 1990 2000

Number of tiger

100

40

Nyatakan pola / corak bilangan harimau.. Nyatakan dua sebab 1.Bilangan harimau berkurang kerana aktiviti pembalakan haram 2.Bilangan harimau berkurang kerana aktiviti pemburuan haram Beri satu sebab untuk menyokong inferens anda di (a) Habitat haiwan musnah
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80 Number of 70 extinct animal 60 species 50 40 30 20 10

Past year questions Soalan Sebenar UPSR (Soalan Tahun-Tahun Lepas)

Number of extinct animal species

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

The number of extinct animal increases because of the illegal logging activities Because of the illegal hunting Because of the excessive development ..Reason.. HARITHUN ALIAS The habitat for animal was destroyed

Able to state one inference/reason Sample answer. 1. The water evaporates/evaporations

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Apabila lapan helai kertas tisu dilembapkan, jumlah beratnya ialah 200g. Kertas tisu itu dibiarkan kering dan beratnya dicatatkan.
Masa 1 jam 2 jam 3 jam 4 jam Jumlah berat lapan kertas tisu /g 180 160 135 110

Nyatakan satu inferens mengenai suatu perubaha berat kertas tisu semasa penyiasatan

Air tersejat
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UPSR 2006/3(a)

State one observation Nyatakan satu pemerhatian

UPSR 2006/3(a)

Q: State two inferences about the length of rubber band Y. Nyatakan dua inferens mengenai panjang gelang getah Y Sample answer. 1. because rubber band Y is more elastic. /lebih kenyal 2. 3. 4. 5. because rubber band Y was heated./dipanaskan because rubber band Y is thinner./lebih halus because cup Y was heavier. because rubber band Y was old./ gelang getah lebih lama

State one inference about the direction of the shadow at 1.30 pm Nyatakan satu inferens tentang arah bayang pada jam 1.30 ptg.
Sample answer.

1. Sun is directly above the pole Matahari tegak diatas tiang HARITHUN ALIAS

Amir and Ah Meng find it easy to pull the load by using the rollers Amir dan Ah Meng mendapati beban lebih mudah ditarik jika mempunyai roda berbanding tidak beroda
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Amir and Ah Meng find it easy to pull the load by using the rollers Amir dan Ah Meng mendapati beban lebih mudah ditarik jika mempunyai roda berbanding tidak beroda State 2 inferences from the different of the observation Nyatakan dua inferens perbezaan kenyataan di atas. 1)Syarat: Mesti ada perbandingan 2) Terangkan satu demi satu tanpa roda dan dengan menggunakan roda

because without rollers more friction and by using the rollers less friction kerana tanpa roda(troli) banyak geseran dengan roda(troli) kurang geseran

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Diagram below shows two similar books, J and K. The book are pushed briefly using the same amount of force. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua buah buku, J dan K.Kedua-dua buku ditolak denganmenggunakan daya yang sama
UPSR 2009 ( 5 b)

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The distance travelled by each book is shown in table below Jarak yang dilalui oleh setiap buku ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
Book Buku J K Distance travelled (cm) Jarak dilalui (cm) 10 30

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The distance travelled by each book is shown in table below Jarak yang dilalui oleh setiap buku ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah. Book Buku J K Distance travelled (cm) Jarak dilalui (cm) 10 30

State one reason (inference) about the distance travelled by K Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang jarak yang dilalui oleh K. Sebelum menjawab inferens..fahami maklumat pada jadual Bandingkan jarak dilalui oleh buku J dan K.

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Book Buku J K

Distance travelled (cm) Jarak dilalui (cm) 10 30

State one reason (inference) about the distance travelled by K Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) tentang jarak yang dilalui oleh K.

The distance travelled by book K is more than J because less friction Jarak dilalui oleh buku K lebih daripada buku J kerana kurang geseran

b)wheel / rollers / pensel makes movement easier roda / pengguling / pensel memudahkan pergerakan
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UPSR 2008

Diagram above show two similar boxes. Each box has 8 holes. A farmer put 20 chicks in box J and 12 chicks in box K Rajah diatas menunjukkan dua kotak yang serupa. Setiap kotak mempunyai 8 lubang. Seorang penternak memasukkan 20 ekor anak ayam ke dalam kotak J dan 12 ekor anak ayam dalam kotak K Box J K Number of dead chicks 2 0

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Box J K

Number of dead chicks 2 0

Question: 1(a) State one reason (inference) based on these information b) Write one observation on the condition of the chicks in box J to support the answer in 1(a)

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Contoh jawapan calon adakah jawapan calon ini betul atau salah? Diagram above show two similar boxes. Each box has 8 holes. A farmer put 20 chicks in box J and 12 chicks in box K Box Kotak J K Number of dead chicks Bilangan anak ayam yang mati 2 0

Question: 1(a) State one reason (inference) based on these information Nyatakan satu sebab berdasarkan maklumat Anak ayam J mati kerana bilangan anak ayam didalam kotak J lebih banyak dari kotak K
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b)

The chicks are dead in box J because .lack of space (kekurangan ruang) .competing for space .too hot/high temperature .lack(kekurangan) of air/oxygen

c)

The chicks look not active / weak / dead/ breathless(tercungap-cungap)

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Pemerhatian:Bilangan anak ayam yang mati didalam kotak J 2 ekor Manakala tiada anak ayam yang mati didalam kotak K b) Ayam didalam kotak J mati ..kerana kekurangan ruang .. Kerana kekurangan oksigen / udara kerana bersaing untuk ruang ..kerana terlalu panas / terlalu tinggi suhu

C) Anak ayam kelihatan lemah / mati / tidak aktif / tercungapcungap

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Both the models were blown using a fan with the same speed Kedua-dua model ditiup menggunakan kipas dengan laju yang sama

Model Model Stability Kestabilan

Fall Jatuh

Still stand Masih berdiri

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Model Model Stability Kestabilan

X Fall Jatuh

Y Still stand Masih berdiri

b) State one reason(inference) based on the observation on model Y. Tulis satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan pemerhatian pada model Y

i) more stable / lebih stabil ii) bigger base area / luas tapak lebih besar iii). More number of paper rolls / lebih banyak hulungan kertas iv) more heavy/ lebih berat
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UPSR 2003

On one night of the 15th day of the Lunar Calendar, the moon cannot be seen. (Pada satu malam 15 haribulan Takwim Qamari, bulan tidak kelihatan.)
State two possible reasons for this observation. Nyatakan dua sebab berdasarkan pemerhatian ini.
1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

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DISCUSSION SESSION

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Q1
Fish in beaker U stay alive compared to fish in beaker V Because fish in beaker U gets enough air to breathe

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Q2
The water level increased Because the marble has mass

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Q3
Planet Mars takes the longest time to complete one revolution around the Sun Because the distance of planet Mars is the furthest from the Sun compared to other planets

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Q4
Shima takes the shortest time to complete her science test Because she is an excellence student compared to other students

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Q5
The iron nail in beaker A becomes rusty compared to the iron nail in beaker B Because the iron nail in beaker A is exposed to air and water compared to the iron nail in beaker B
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Q6
There are moulds on the rotten orange and stale bread The mould grows because the presence of air, water and suitable temperature.

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Q7
Substance X turns red litmus paper to blue and substance Y turns blue litmus paper to red. Blue litmus paper turn to red, the liquid is acidic. (vice versa)

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Q8
The formation of a shadow of an object Light cannot pass through an opaque object

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Q9
The temperature of the planets X is the highest compared to others. Because planet X nearest to the Sun compare to others planet

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Q 10
The boy can see the light from the candles Because light travels in a straight line

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Q 11
The plants in pot III are the tallest / The growth of the plants in pot III are the healthiest Because the plants get enough water, sunlight and nutrient .

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Q 12
The ball and the tin change shape . Because of the effect of pushing forces / force can changed shape an object

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Q 13
Time taken for the toy car to reach the floor decrease Because the speed increases / height of the inclined plane increase

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Q 14
Fish P is still fresh compared to fish Q // Fish Q is smelly than fish P. Because of the suitable temperature to microorganism to grow.

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Q 15
The Sun , the Earth and the Moon lie in a straight line . The Moon enter the shadow of the earth. Shadow of the earth fall on the moon. The eclipse of the Sun occur. Because light travels in straight lines // The light cannot penetrate / pass through an opaque object.

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Q 16
The number of trees cut down increase / The number of trees cut down in the Year 2005 is the most.
Because of excessive logging by humans.
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Time for break !

SEMOGA ANDA BERJAYA DALAM MENJAWAB SOALAN BAHAGIAN B KERTAS SAINS UPSR

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