SPEED CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR USING PI CONTROLLER

J.PHANEENDRA(10261A0219) K.ASHA(10261A0221) C.SRAVAN KUMAR(10261A0210)

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION WORKING OF MOTOR BRUSHLESS MOTOR WORKING OF BLDC SPEED CONTROL USING PI CONTROLLER DESIGN OF PI CONTROLLER ADVANTAGES OF BLDC MOTOR APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
What is Motor? It is a machine can converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It may be DC or AC depending upon the type of power supply. It has mainly two parts- stator & rotor. DC motors are of two typesi) Brushed motor with brushes and commutator and ii) Brushless motor- without brushes.

INTRODUCTION

What is commutator and brush ?

Commutator is a cylindrical in structure, made of copper or carbon with high conductivity. Mounted on the rotor part of the brushed motor. Helps to conduct current through conductor when the brushes comes to contact during rotation. The electrical contacts to the rotating ring called brushes.

General physics of motor

Working Principle

Working Principle

History of BLDC motors

This BLDC motor was came into this world in 1962 by .G. Wilson and P.H. Trickey and they called as "a DC machine with solid state commutation." Later at the end of the 1980s, Robert E. Lordo unveiled the first large brushless DC motors, which had at least ten times the power of the earlier brushless DC motors

BRUSHED DC MOTOR

BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
Brushless DC Motor is also known as electronically commutated motor or synchronous motor. It has no brushes and commutators. The rotation of the rotor depends on the accurate position with stator. BLDC motors are two types. They are 1.sensored BLDC Motor 2.sensorless BLDC Motor

CONSTRUCTION OF BLDC MOTOR

BLDC motors have many similarities to AC induction motors and brushed DC motors in terms of construction and working principles. Parts of the brushless dc motor are 1.stator 2.rotor

STATOR

STATOR
The BLDC motor stator is made out of laminated steel stacked up to carry the windings. Windings in a stator can be arranged in two patterns; i.e. a star pattern (Y) or delta pattern (). The major difference between the two patterns is that the Y pattern gives high torque at low RPM and the pattern gives low torque at low RPM.

ROTOR

ROTOR
The rotor of a typical BLDC motor is made out of permanent magnets. Depending upon the application requirements, the number of poles in the rotor may vary. Another rotor parameter that impacts the maximum torque is the material used for the construction of permanent magnet.

Working of BLDC motor

As there is no commutator ,the current direction of the conductor on the stator controlled electronically. Rotor consists the parmanent magnet where as stator consist a no. of windings. Current through these winding produces magnetic field and force. Hall sensor used to determine the position during commutation.

Commutation of BLDC motor

Brushless DC motor requires external commutation circuit to rotate the rotor. Rotor position is very important. HALL SENSOR senses the position of the coil accurately

 The combination of proportional and integral terms is important to increase the speed of the response and also to eliminate the steady state error. PI controller will eliminate forced oscillations and steady state error resulting in operation of on-off controller and P controller respectively

SPEED CONTROL USING PI CONTROLLER

DESIGN OF PI CONTROLLER

Advantages of Brushless Motor

In BLDC motor PM are on the rotor & electromagnets are on the stator controlled by software. Thus the advantages are: Because of computer control it is more precise & more efficient. There is no sparking & less electrical noise. Voltage and current rating is high. High speed can be achieved. As there is no brushes it requires no servicing. It has longer life. Low Radio Frequency Interference and Electromagnetic Interference.

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APPLICATIONS
AUTOMATION APPLICATIONS 1.HVAC 2.CEILING FANS 3.SMALL ELECTRIC VEHICLE 4.ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 1.LINEAR MOTORS 2.SERVO MOTORS 3.LOW VOLTAGE SOLAR WATER PUMPS

CONCLUSION
we can conclude that speed of the BLDC motor can be controlled by using the PI CONTROLLER because of its different applications in industries and where there is a need of variable speed aplications.