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Dhaval Bathia

The Base Method is a technique used for multiplication Suppose I ask you how long will you take to multiply 9999998 by 9999999 ?

Perhaps you would sink at the sheer thought of multiplying these numbers
However, using the Base Method you can get the answer in less than 5 seconds ! Yes, it is true !

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In the base method, we use certain bases.

Normally, we use numbers like 10, 100, 1000 etc. as bases,. However this is not a rule. You can use any other number toobut generally we prefer powers of 10

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We select a particular base depending on the numbers given in the question Suppose we are asked to multiply 996 by 998, in this case we take 1000 as the base as both the numbers are closer to 1000 Suppose we are asked to multiply 105 by 112, in this case we take 100 as the base as both the numbers are closer to 100..

In the questions that follow, we will solve the answer in two parts
The left hand part will be called LHS and the right hand part will be called RHS

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Let us have a look at the steps involved in the procedure..

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STEPS
Find the Base and the Difference Number of digits in RHS = Number of zeros in Base

Multiply the differences in RHS


Put the cross answer in LHS

These are the four basic rules of the system. However, they will only become clear when we solve some examples..

We will solve three examples simultaneously..

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(Q) Find the answers to the following questions.

(A)

(B)

(C)

9 6 x 9 8

9988 x 9996

9999999 x 9999999

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STEP A Find the Base and the Difference

The first part says find the base and the difference. Let us have a look at example A. The numbers are 96 and 98. Since, both the numbers are closer to 100 our base in this case will be 100.

Similarly, in example B both the numbers are closer to 10,000 so our base will be 10,000

In Example C, both the numbers are closer to 1,00,00,000 and hence we will take 10 million (1 crore) as our base
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So, our bases will be

(A) 100 9 6 x 9 8

(B) 10000 9988 x 9996

(C) 10000000 9999999 x 9999999

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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6 x 9 8

10000
9988 x 9996

10000000
9999999 x 9999999

We are still on Step A. Next, we have to find the differences

In Example A, the difference between 100 and 96 is 4 and the difference between 100 and 98 is 2
In Example B, the difference of 9988 from 10,000 is 12 and the difference of 9996 from 10,000 is 4 In Example C, the difference of both the numbers from ten million is 1
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Step A is complete. The question looks as given below :

(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4

10000000
9999999-1 x 9999999-1

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We are going to find the answer of the multiplication in 2 partsthe left hand part (or LHS) and the Right Hand Part (or RHS) Step B says,

Number of digits in RHS = Number of zeros in the base


In Example A, base 100 has two zeros, so RHS will be a two-digit answer..

In Example B, base 10,000 has four zeros so RHS will be a four-digit answer
In Example C, base 1,00,00,000 has seven zeros, so RHS will be a seven digit answer.

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Let us make a provision for it..

(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

__

____

_______

We have put equivalent empty blanks in the RHS to accommodate the answer
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We come to Step C which says, multiply the differences and put it as the RHS of the answer

(A) 100

(B) 10000

(C) 10000000

9 6-4
x 9 8-2 __

9 9 8 8 - 12
x 9996- 4 ____

9999999-1
x 99999991 _______

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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

08

In Example A, we multiply the differences -4 by -2 and get the answer 8. But, we need a two-digit answer. So, we express the number 8 as 08 and put it in the RHS.

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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

08

0048

In Example B, we multiply the differences -12 by -4 and get the answer 48. But, we need a four-digit answer. So, we express the number 48 as 0048 and put it in the RHS.

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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

08

0048

0000001

In Example C, we multiply the differences -1 by -1 and get the answer 1. But, we need a seven-digit answer. So, we express the number 1 as 0000001 and put it in the RHS.

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We have already got the right-hand part of the answer. Now, we come to the last step, Step D.

It says,

Put the cross answer in the LHS

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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

x 9 8-2

x 9996- 4

9408

0048

0000001

In Example A, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (96 2) or (98 4) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 94. Thus, the complete answer of 96 x 98 is 9408
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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

x 9 8-2

x 9996- 4

9408

99840048

0000001

In Example B, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (9988 12) or (9996 4) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 9984. Thus, the complete answer of 9998 x 9996 is 99840048
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(A)

(B)

(C)

100
9 6-4

10000
9 9 8 8 - 12

10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991

x 9 8-2

x 9996- 4

9408

99840048

99999980000001

In Example C, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (9999999 1) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 9999998. Thus, the complete answer of 99999980000001
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Let us do one complete example.

(Q) Multiply 99980 by 99980

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1,00,000 9 9 9 8 0 - 20 x 9 9 9 8 0 - 20 99960 00400


_ _ _ _ _

Both the numbers are closer to 1,00,000so the base is 1, 00,000 The difference between the base and 99,980 is 20 each The base has 5 zeros and so RHS will be a 5 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 20 x 20 = 400. We write the number as 00400 The cross answer is 99,980 20 = 99,960. The final answer is 9996000400
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(Q) Multiply 999 by 850

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1,000 999
x

-1 8 5 0 - 150

849 0 _1 _5 _0 _
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1, 000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (-1) and (150) respectively The base has 4 zeros and so RHS will be a 4 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 1 x 150 = 150. We write the number as 0150 The cross answer is 850 1 = 849
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Let us take an example where both the numbers are above the base

(Q) Multiply 1002 by 1003

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1,000 1002
x 1003

+2 +3

1005

0_ 0_ 6 _

Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1, 000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+2) and (+3) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 2 x 3 = 6. We write the number as 006 The cross answer is 1002 + 3 = 1005. The complete answer is 1005006.
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Let us take an example where both the numbers are above the base

(Q) Multiply 10010 by 10010

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10,000 1 0 0 1 0 + 10
x 1 0 0 1 0 + 10

10020

0 _ 1 _ 0 _ 0 _

Both the numbers are closer to 10,000so the base is 10,000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+10) and (+10) respectively The base has 4 zeros and so RHS will be a 4 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 10 x 10 = 100. We write the number as 0100 The cross answer is 10010 + 10 = 10020. The complete answer is 100200100.
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Sometimes you might have a number where there is a carry-over involved. Let us see how to deal with such cases.

Suppose you have to multiply 950 by 950

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1,000 950 -50


x 950 -50
2

900 _ 5_ 0_ 0
902500
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1,000 The difference is (-50) and (-50) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield (-50) x (-50) = 2500. The number 2500 is a four-digit number but we can fit only 3 digits. So, we write down the last three digits (500) and carry over 2. The cross answer is 950 50 = 900 (+2 carry over) is 902. The final answer is 902500
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(Q) Multiply 1200 by 1020

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1,000 1200 +200


x 1020 +20

1224 _ 0_ 0_ 0
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1,000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+200) and (+20) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield (+200) x (+20) = 4000. The number 4000 is a four-digit number but we can fit only 3 digits. So, we write down the last three digits (000) and carry over 4. The cross answer is 1200 + 20 (+4 carry over) is 1224.
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We come to the last part of this topic..


How to multiply one number above the base and one number below the base Suppose you have to multiply 95 by 115. In this case, 95 is below the base (100) and 115 is above the base (100) In such examples, where one number is above the base and one number is below the base. we use the same technique with a different last step. Let us have a look at an example :

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100 95
x 115

-5 +15

1 1 0 (- _ 7_ 5)
10925
The base is 100 and the differences are (-5) and (+15) respectively. RHS will be a 2 digit answer
Multiplying the differences will yield (-5) x (+15) = (-75). The LHS will be 110. Our final answer is 110(-75). However, minus sign is not permitted in the final answer. In such cases, we multiply LHS with Base and subtract RHS to get the final answer. The final answer will be 110 x 100 75 = 10925.
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(Q) Multiply 1042 by 998

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1000 1042 +42


x 998 -2

1 0 4 0 (- _ 0_ 8_ 4)
1039916
The base is 1000 and the differences are (+42) and (-2) respectively. RHS will be a 3 digit answer
Multiplying the differences will yield (+42) x (-2) = (-084). The LHS will be 1040. Our final answer is 1040(-084).

We multiply LHS with Base and subtract RHS to get the final answer. The final answer will be 1040 x 1000 (084) = 1039916.
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Thus, we have seen many variations with the Base Method.


You can use this method for a variety of multiplication problems

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