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The Base Method is a technique used for multiplication Suppose I ask you how long will you take to multiply 9999998 by 9999999 ?
Perhaps you would sink at the sheer thought of multiplying these numbers
However, using the Base Method you can get the answer in less than 5 seconds ! Yes, it is true !
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Normally, we use numbers like 10, 100, 1000 etc. as bases,. However this is not a rule. You can use any other number toobut generally we prefer powers of 10
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We select a particular base depending on the numbers given in the question Suppose we are asked to multiply 996 by 998, in this case we take 1000 as the base as both the numbers are closer to 1000 Suppose we are asked to multiply 105 by 112, in this case we take 100 as the base as both the numbers are closer to 100..
In the questions that follow, we will solve the answer in two parts
The left hand part will be called LHS and the right hand part will be called RHS
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STEPS
Find the Base and the Difference Number of digits in RHS = Number of zeros in Base
These are the four basic rules of the system. However, they will only become clear when we solve some examples..
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(A)
(B)
(C)
9 6 x 9 8
9988 x 9996
9999999 x 9999999
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The first part says find the base and the difference. Let us have a look at example A. The numbers are 96 and 98. Since, both the numbers are closer to 100 our base in this case will be 100.
Similarly, in example B both the numbers are closer to 10,000 so our base will be 10,000
In Example C, both the numbers are closer to 1,00,00,000 and hence we will take 10 million (1 crore) as our base
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(A) 100 9 6 x 9 8
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6 x 9 8
10000
9988 x 9996
10000000
9999999 x 9999999
In Example A, the difference between 100 and 96 is 4 and the difference between 100 and 98 is 2
In Example B, the difference of 9988 from 10,000 is 12 and the difference of 9996 from 10,000 is 4 In Example C, the difference of both the numbers from ten million is 1
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4
10000000
9999999-1 x 9999999-1
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We are going to find the answer of the multiplication in 2 partsthe left hand part (or LHS) and the Right Hand Part (or RHS) Step B says,
In Example B, base 10,000 has four zeros so RHS will be a four-digit answer
In Example C, base 1,00,00,000 has seven zeros, so RHS will be a seven digit answer.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
__
____
_______
We have put equivalent empty blanks in the RHS to accommodate the answer
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We come to Step C which says, multiply the differences and put it as the RHS of the answer
(A) 100
(B) 10000
(C) 10000000
9 6-4
x 9 8-2 __
9 9 8 8 - 12
x 9996- 4 ____
9999999-1
x 99999991 _______
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
08
In Example A, we multiply the differences -4 by -2 and get the answer 8. But, we need a two-digit answer. So, we express the number 8 as 08 and put it in the RHS.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
08
0048
In Example B, we multiply the differences -12 by -4 and get the answer 48. But, we need a four-digit answer. So, we express the number 48 as 0048 and put it in the RHS.
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4 x 9 8-2
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12 x 9996- 4
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
08
0048
0000001
In Example C, we multiply the differences -1 by -1 and get the answer 1. But, we need a seven-digit answer. So, we express the number 1 as 0000001 and put it in the RHS.
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We have already got the right-hand part of the answer. Now, we come to the last step, Step D.
It says,
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
x 9 8-2
x 9996- 4
9408
0048
0000001
In Example A, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (96 2) or (98 4) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 94. Thus, the complete answer of 96 x 98 is 9408
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
x 9 8-2
x 9996- 4
9408
99840048
0000001
In Example B, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (9988 12) or (9996 4) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 9984. Thus, the complete answer of 9998 x 9996 is 99840048
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(A)
(B)
(C)
100
9 6-4
10000
9 9 8 8 - 12
10000000
9999999-1 x 99999991
x 9 8-2
x 9996- 4
9408
99840048
99999980000001
In Example C, the cross answer can be obtained by doing (9999999 1) in a cross manner. In either case, the answer is 9999998. Thus, the complete answer of 99999980000001
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Both the numbers are closer to 1,00,000so the base is 1, 00,000 The difference between the base and 99,980 is 20 each The base has 5 zeros and so RHS will be a 5 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 20 x 20 = 400. We write the number as 00400 The cross answer is 99,980 20 = 99,960. The final answer is 9996000400
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1,000 999
x
-1 8 5 0 - 150
849 0 _1 _5 _0 _
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1, 000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (-1) and (150) respectively The base has 4 zeros and so RHS will be a 4 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 1 x 150 = 150. We write the number as 0150 The cross answer is 850 1 = 849
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Let us take an example where both the numbers are above the base
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1,000 1002
x 1003
+2 +3
1005
0_ 0_ 6 _
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1, 000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+2) and (+3) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 2 x 3 = 6. We write the number as 006 The cross answer is 1002 + 3 = 1005. The complete answer is 1005006.
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Let us take an example where both the numbers are above the base
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10,000 1 0 0 1 0 + 10
x 1 0 0 1 0 + 10
10020
0 _ 1 _ 0 _ 0 _
Both the numbers are closer to 10,000so the base is 10,000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+10) and (+10) respectively The base has 4 zeros and so RHS will be a 4 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield 10 x 10 = 100. We write the number as 0100 The cross answer is 10010 + 10 = 10020. The complete answer is 100200100.
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Sometimes you might have a number where there is a carry-over involved. Let us see how to deal with such cases.
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900 _ 5_ 0_ 0
902500
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1,000 The difference is (-50) and (-50) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield (-50) x (-50) = 2500. The number 2500 is a four-digit number but we can fit only 3 digits. So, we write down the last three digits (500) and carry over 2. The cross answer is 950 50 = 900 (+2 carry over) is 902. The final answer is 902500
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1224 _ 0_ 0_ 0
Both the numbers are closer to 1,000so the base is 1,000 The difference between the base and the numbers is (+200) and (+20) respectively The base has 3 zeros and so RHS will be a 3 digit answer Multiplying the differences will yield (+200) x (+20) = 4000. The number 4000 is a four-digit number but we can fit only 3 digits. So, we write down the last three digits (000) and carry over 4. The cross answer is 1200 + 20 (+4 carry over) is 1224.
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100 95
x 115
-5 +15
1 1 0 (- _ 7_ 5)
10925
The base is 100 and the differences are (-5) and (+15) respectively. RHS will be a 2 digit answer
Multiplying the differences will yield (-5) x (+15) = (-75). The LHS will be 110. Our final answer is 110(-75). However, minus sign is not permitted in the final answer. In such cases, we multiply LHS with Base and subtract RHS to get the final answer. The final answer will be 110 x 100 75 = 10925.
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1 0 4 0 (- _ 0_ 8_ 4)
1039916
The base is 1000 and the differences are (+42) and (-2) respectively. RHS will be a 3 digit answer
Multiplying the differences will yield (+42) x (-2) = (-084). The LHS will be 1040. Our final answer is 1040(-084).
We multiply LHS with Base and subtract RHS to get the final answer. The final answer will be 1040 x 1000 (084) = 1039916.
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