TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

POWER GRID
BY A.VINAY KUMAR 10C21A0402 ECE-A

Contents
Objectives Introduction Why we need Power grid Uses of Power grid How Power grid works? Conclusion

OBJECTIVES
Supply Quality Power. Supply the power from source to load with an economic reasons.

INTRODUCTION
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers. Grid is the nodal point of the entire power system.

It consists of three main components:

1. Power station that produce electricity from combustible fuels or noncombustible fuels. 2. Transmission lines that carry electricity from power plants to demand centers. 3. Transformers that reduce voltage so distribution lines carry power for final delivery.

WHY WE NEED POWER GRID?

Improvement of Reliability. Improvement of economics. Improvement of efficiency. Improvement of power quality. Improvement of security & safety. Controller of entire power system.

USES OF POWER GRID:

We use electric power for the purposes: 1. Domestic: lighting, heating, cooling, cooking, refrigeration, sound, computation. 2. Commercial: In large scale shops and trade centers, In small workshops for small scale production. 3. Industrial: large scale production of goods and industrial products

HOW POWER GRID WORKS?

Power travels from the power plant to your house through a system called the power grid distribution. power distribution grid consists of the stages; Generation :11 kV or 25 Kv Transmission -Primary Transmission-380 kV -Secondary Transmission-154 kV Distribution -Primary Distribution (Level-1)-60 kV -Primary Distribution (Level -2)-15 kV -Secondary Distribution -415 V (3 phase),241 V (1 phase)

GENERATION
Electrical power generated at the power plant. In almost all cases, the power plant consists of: A spinning electrical generator. Coupled to
Turbine driven by
Water in hydroelectric dam, Steam generated in thermal electric power plant fired with coal or natural gas, Steam generated in nuclear electric power plant Solar electric power plant. A large diesel engine.

Various Types of Power generation plants:

Nuclear Power plant:

Thermal Power Plant:

 Solar Power Plant:

Wind Farms:

Transmission
The three-phase power leaves the generator and enters a transmission substation at the power plant. This substation uses large transformers to convert the generator's voltage up to extremely high voltages for long-distance transmission on the transmission grid.

 You can see at the back several three-wire towers leaving the substation. Typical voltages for long distance transmission are in the range of 154 kV to 750 kV in order to reduce line losses. A typical maximum transmission distance is about 400 km-500km. They are normally made of huge steel towers like this:

DISTRIBUTION
For power to be useful in a home or business, it comes off the transmission grid and is stepped-down to the distribution grid. This may happen in several phases. The place where the conversion from "transmission" to "distribution" occurs is in a power substation. A power substation typically does two or three things:
1. 2. 3. It has transformers that step transmission voltages down to distribution voltages 60 KV. It has a "bus "that can split the distribution power off in multiple directions. It often has circuit breakers and switches so that the substation can be disconnected from the transmission grid or separate distribution lines can be disconnected from the substation when necessary.

Distribution through sub station

CONCLUSION
As grid is the nodal point, if it fails to work, then entire power system will fails. Grid efficiency is lower i.e. 50-70%. As Grid has too many equipments so, design of grid is too costlier.

THANK YOU