Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton

APPENDICULAR SKELETON: STRUCTURE NUMBER OF BONES

Pectoral Girdles Clavicle Scapula Upper Limbs Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Pelvic Girdle Hip / Pelvic / or coxal bone Lower Limbs Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges TOTAL 2 2 2 2 2 16 10 28 2 2 2 2 2 14 10 28 126

Skeletal System: Pectoral Girdle

The attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. Upper limbs attached to pectoral girdle at the shoulder or

- Consists of

and

Clavicle articulates with sternum Clavicle articulates with scapula - Scapula held in place by muscle only

Appendicular Skeleton: Clavicle

- Clavicle transmits mechanical force from the upper limb to the trunk. - S-shaped bone with two curves -Extends from sternum to scapula above 1st rib -Ligaments attached to clavicle stabilize its position. Clavicle articulates with sternum (sternoclavicular joint) Clavicle articulates with scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

Appendicular Skeleton: Scapula

The scapula or shoulder blade articulates with the and the -Triangular flat bone in upper back region. -The scapulae articulate with other bones anteriorly, but are held in place posteriorly only by muscles.

forms shoulder joint with head of humerus

forms acromioclavicular joint with the clavicle -Supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa and coracoid process for muscle attachments -Subscapular fossa filled with muscle

Appendicular Skeleton: Upper Limb

Each upper limb = 30 bones - humerus within the arm - ulna & radius within the forearm - carpal bones within the wrist - metacarpal bones within the palm - phalanges in the fingers Joints of the Upper Limb -Shoulder (glenohumeral) -Elbow -Wrist -Metacarpophalangeal, -Interphalangeal

Appendicular Skeleton: Humerus

Part of shoulder joint Greater & lesser tubercles for muscle attachments Intertubercular sulcus or bicipital groove Deltoid tuberosity Shaft

Appendicular Skeleton: Humerus

Anterior Forms elbow joint with ulna and radius (A) articulates with head of radius (B) articulation with ulna (C) posterior depression for olecranon process of ulna Medial (D) & lateral epicondyles (E) attachment of forearm muscles

E A D B

Posterior C

Appendicular Skeleton: Radius and Ulna

The is located on the medial aspect of the forearm. The is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. The radius and ulna articulate (i) with the humerus at the elbow joint, and (ii)with each other and with three carpal bones at the wrist.

-Trochlear notch articulates with humerus & radial notch with radius olecranon process forms point of elbow -Head articulates with capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna tuberosity for muscle attachment

Appendicular Skeleton: Elbow Joint

Articulation of humerus with ulna and radius Ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus Radius articulates with capitulum of humerus

Appendicular Skeleton: Radius and Ulna

Ulna -styloid process head separated from wrist joint by fibrocartilage disc Radius forms wrist joint with scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum forms distal radioulnar joint with head of ulna

Appendicular Skeleton
Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges The eight carpal bones, bound together by ligaments, comprise the wrist. Five metacarpal bones are contained in the palm of each hand. Each hand contains 14 phalanges, three in each finger and two in each thumb.

Appendicular Skeleton: 8 Carpal Bones (wrist)

Proximal row - lat to med scaphoid - boat shaped lunate - moon shaped triquetrum - 3 corners pisiform - pea shaped Distal row - lateral to medial trapezium - four sided trapezoid - four sided capitate - large head hamate - hooked process Carpal tunnel-tunnel of bone & flexor retinaculum

Appendicular Skeleton: Metacarpals and Phalanges

Metacarpals 5 total----#1 proximal to thumb base, shaft, head knuckles (metacarpophalangeal joints) Phalanges 14 total: each is called proximal, middle, distal on each finger, except thumb base, shaft, head