GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM(GPS) IN POWER SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Relays are installed at each bus bar in a transmission network. Relay contains a fault detection system together with a communication unit. Relay determine the location of the fault A new technique for the protection of transmission systems..

What is GPS?
GPS or Global Positioning Systems is a highly sophisticated navigation system developed by the United States Department of Defense. This system utilizes satellite technology with receivers and high accuracy clocks to determine the position of an object.

FAULT LOCATION USING GPS

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit.
Originally intended for military applications

Allows precise determination of location, velocity, direction and time.

LOCATION OF FAULT
Save time and resources for the electric utility industry. Determine distance to fault from a transmission line end. Aid in fast restoration of power.

Communication systems can retrieve fault location information.

WHAT IS TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION?

Faults on the power transmission system cause transients that propagate along the transmission line as waves. These waves have a propagation velocity & characteristic impedance , travel from fault location towards line ends

The location of faults is accomplished by precisely time-tagging wave fronts as they cross a known point typically in substations at line ends. Fault location can then be obtained by multiplying the wave velocity by the time difference in line ends.

DETECTION OF FAULT POSITION

When a fault occurs on a transmission line,wide band voltages and current signals propagates. Therefore,a fault on a transmission line generate TWS(Travelling waves). TWS propagates from the fault location to the line terminals with a propogation velocity.

OVER VIEW OF TRAVELLING WAVES IN TRANSMISSION LINES.

This shows transients can bemeasured in protection relay and used to enhance its fault locating function. The T.WS based fault locating function in a protective relay takes the advantage of internal protection elements,the communication channels to remote terminal and GPS based time synchronisation.

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF TWO CONDUCTOR TRANSMISSION LINES

EQUATIONS OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT AT POINTS X AND X+X

BENEFITS OF TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION

Early fault locators used radar. Radar equipment is typically mobile or located at substations and requires manual operation. Traveling wave fault locators are becoming popular where higher accuracy is important. GPS-based sub microsecond timing system has proven reliable in several utility traveling wave projects.

ADVANTAGES
Protection of transmission line using GPS is extremely accurate. Saves millions of dollars. Fast response. Reliability & availability.

CONCLUSION
Uses a dedicated fault detector to extract
transient signal and GPS system to time tag these signals.
Travelling time of the transient signal from the point of fault to the adjacent substation is used to determine the fault position. Proposed technique is able to offer a high accuracy in fault location. Unlike traditional protection schemes , this technique offers a new concept in network protection.