CONTINOUS ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM PINEAPPLE CANNERY USING IMMOBILIZED YEAST CELLS

By :
1. Ari Budi Prasetyo 2. Dyah Nindya 3. Yulia Dwi Rahmawati

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INTRODUCTION
Immobilized cell reactors used due to confine a high cell density. Immobilization doesnt change temperature, pressure and viability of microorganisms. Producing ethanol from pineapple cannery can use immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Raw Material (substrate) Carrageenan Microorganisms and culture conditions Feed Medium Immobilization Packed-bed tapered glass column reactor Operating conditions Analytical methhods Fermentation kinetic parameters

Carrageenan
- It used for the cell immobilization obtained - Example :

Genugel type X 0828

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Feed Medium
Juice extracted from the cannery contain : - 82.3 g/l of the total sugar - 2.5 g/l NH4Cl - 0.5 g/l MgSO4.7H2O - 0.5 g/l Tween 80 - 0.1 g/l oleic acid - 0.05 g/l CaCl2 - 5 g/l CSL back - 0.1 g/l antifoam

Immobilization
- Concentrated cells were added to previously

sterillized 4% solution of k-carrageenan at 35 C - The suspension was extruded as hypodermic syringe into solution of KCl and CaCl2 - It will form spherical beads - Then it washed with NaCl, immersed in Al(NO3)3, washed once again
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Packed-bed tapered Glass Column Reactor

- Reactor consists of : water jacketed borosilicate with a stainles

steel wire mesh at the bottom Four sampling ports distributed along it - The beads transferred to the sterillized reactor
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Operating Conditions
Reactor was maintained at 30 0.2 C It used speed peristaltic pump to feed it Nitrogen gas flushed from the bottom of reactor with certain flow rate to facilitate CO2 removal The pH was constant Dilution rate were evaluated to determine the operational stabillity The fermentation produce ethanol and sugars, its concentration was measured
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Analytical Methods
The dry weight of entrapped cells in exit

stream was determined by dissolving the beads in steril sodium citrate solution
The cells suspension was centrifuged, washed

and dried

Result and Dicussion

Continuous fermentation A maximum ethanol concentration of 37 g/l

was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 . The cell concentration in the beads increased while free cell concentration decreased with the increase of dilution rates. Main factors that affect ethanol productivity are beads size and cell loading Low effectiveness at the top of reactor effected by ethanol inhibition as well as by a deficient contact beads substrate in this zone.

 System stability The reactor was operated effectively under steady state conditions for 87 days at a dilution rate of 1.0 h-1 . At this period, the productivity slight decline due to decrease in cell viability After the reactor operated for 127 days, it will shut down at this point. However, the ethanol productivity (20 g l-1h-1) reported by these workers is lower in comparison to the present study.

Summarize
The cells Saccaromyces cerevisae ATCC 24553 immobilized in k-carrageenan and packed in a

tapered glass column reactor Its used for production ethanol from pineapple cannery waste Maximum productivity was 42.8 g ethanol/l h at dilution rate 1.5/h The productivity using immobilized cells was 11.5 times higher than using free cell The maximum ethanol productivity was 1.2 g ethanol/g dry wt. cell and 2.6 g sugar/g dry wt.cell

Conclusion
The production of ethanol from pineapple cannery waste using immobilized cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is promising in view of the high ethanol productivities obtained at relatively high conversions and excellent reactor stability.

Thank You