Philosophy, Ethics and Morale the basic concept

Point to Discuss
What is philosophy ? Areas of philosophy Meaning of Ethics Ethics and Morale Ethics and Law Ethics and Etiquette

Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".

Area of Philosophy
Epistemology :concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of justification Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes, and causation

Area of philosophy
Ethics, or "moral philosophy," is concerned primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondarily, concerning the question of whether this question can be answered. The main branches of ethics are :
Meta-ethics : The focus of meta-ethics is on how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong. Normative ethics, are more concerned with the questions of how one ought to act, and what the right course of action is. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics because it examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions. Applied ethics, Applied ethics is a discipline of philosophy that attempts to apply ethical theory to real-life situations. The discipline has many specialized fields, such as Engineering Ethics, bioethics, geoethics, public service ethics and business ethics.

Ethics
Paul and Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual. The term comes from the Greek word ethos, which means "character". In philosophy, ethics studies the moral behavior in humans and how one should act.

Ethics is not this:

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What is ethics?
At its most basic level, ethics is concerned with how we act and how we live our lives.

What is ethics?
Ethics involves what is perhaps the most monumental question any human being can ask:

How should we live?

Ethics is, in this sense, practical, having to do with how we act, choose, behave, do things. Philosophers often emphasize that ethics is normative, in that it deals with our reasoning about how we should act. 1-9

What is ethics?
How should we live?

"We" can mean each one of us individually, or it might mean all of us collectively. In the first sense, this is a question about how I should live my life, how I should act, what I should do, what kind of person I should be. This meaning of ethics is sometimes referred to as morality, and it is the aspect of ethics that we refer to by the phrase personal integrity.
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Ethics and Morale

Ethics The rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc. It defines how thing are according to the rules Social system/External Because society says it is the right thing to do Morale Principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct.It defines how things should work according to an individuals' ideals and principles Individual/Internal Because we believe in something being right or wrong

Ethics and Morale

Ethics If we dont do it, we may face peer/societal disapproval, or even be fired from our job. They tend to be consistent within a certain context, but can vary between contexts Morale If we dont do it, we may feel uncomfortable, remorse, depressed etc. Usually consistent, although can change if an individuals beliefs change

Differences Ethics and Law

Ethics Sources and Regulator : Society/Community Nature of Regulation : Oral : customary, Sometimes written : code of ethics Related with batiniah values ( honest, fair, brave) Law Sources and Regulator : Government Nature of Regulation : ussualy written, regulation issued by government Related with lahiriah and batiniah (Pidana/Perdata)

Ethics and Etiquette/Manner

Ethics Source : Society Nature of Regulation : Oral : customary, Sometimes written : code of ethics Related with batiniah values ( honesty, fairness, integrity, responsibility) Etiquette/Manner Source : Part of Society/ local community Always Oral : story telling model from older to younger generation Related with daily activities manner