Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By Mr. Pradeepkumar chikkamath 2VX13MPD11 M.Tech 2nd sem VTU Belgaum Under the guidance of: Prof. Dr.R.R.Malagi Asst.Prof.Anil Pol Asst.Prof.Prasad Raikar
Agenda
1. Introduction 2. Literature survey 3. Classification 4. Why Functionally Graded Materials 5. Applications 6. Advantages 7. Future scope 8. Conclusion
Introduction
The class of materials which both its composition and structure gradually change over volume therefore changing the properties of the material in order to perform a certain function(s). Thus, material properties depend on the spatial position in the structure.
The properties that may be designed/controlled for desired functionality include chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties
Literature Survey
1.Fundamentals of Functionally Graded Materials: Processing and Thermomechanical Behaviour of Graded Metals and MetalCeramic Composites, S. Suresh and A. Mortensen Material Science and Engineering A362 (2013) 481-5; 2.Processing Techniques for Functionally Graded Materials, B.Kieback, A. Neubrand, H.Riedel, Material Science and Engineering A362 (2003) 81-105; 3. Infiltration and physical characteristics of functionally graded alumina/calcium-hexaluminate composites, D.Asmi, I.M. Low, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 118 (2001) 225-230 4.Fundamentals of liquid phase sintering for modern cermets and functionally graded cemented carbonitrides (FGCC), Limin Chen, Walter Lengauer, Peter Ettmayer, Klaus Dreyer, Hans W. Daub, Dieter Kassel, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 18 (2000) 307-322; 5.Synthesis of functionally gradient NiCr-Al/MgO-ZrO2 coating by plasma spray technique, S. Eroglu, N.C.Birla, M.Demirci, T. Baykara, Journal of Material Science Letters 12 (1993), 1099-
Classification
FGMs may be compositionally or micro-structurally graded The gradient is established through a transition function (usually volume fraction as a function of one or more spatial coordinates) FGMs come in several types, depending on their constituents (e.g. ceramic-metal, metal-metal)
GRADATION
Continuous
Stepped
Ceramic-Metal
Metal-Metal/Intermetallic
Metal-Polymer
Al-Polycarbonate
MODELING OF FGMS
Pure Component A
% Component
% Component
Pure Component B
E1
E2
E1
E2
2) Halpin-Tsai
More complex, takes into account the aspect ratio of the inclusions (s)
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
Ceramic-metal FGMs are particularly suited for thermal barriers in space vehicles.
They have the added advantage that the metal side can be bolted onto the airframe rather than bonded as are the ceramic tiles used in the Orbiter.
Other possible uses include combustion chamber insulation in ramjet or scramjet engines
Enhanced body coatings for cars including graded coatings with particles such as dioxide/mica
Enhanced sports equipment such as golf clubs, tennis rackets, and skis with added graded combinations of flexibility, elasticity, or rigidity
Future Scope
The study was just an overview about the Functionally graded materials and study can be specialized in regards to required properties The study can also be carried on the micro structure of the materials and Nanostructure which can yield much better results The research regarding the machinabelity and weldebelity are in process. Analytical Modeling using higher order functions for this class of materials can help the engineer to select the best suited materials for use hence higher order o functions need to be formulated
Conclusion
The Functionally graded materials study is the new area of study the beauty of this class of materials is that any desired property at any corner of space of the product can be achieved in order to sustain any kind of loading conditions. Functionally graded materials serves their capability best in the field of aerospace, nuclear power , automotive power transmission and Biomedical fields.
Queries?