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The oxyacetylene welding process uses a combination of oxygen and acetylene gas to provide a high temperature flame.
Oxygen Cylinders
Oxygen is stored within cylinders of various sizes and pressures ranging from 20002640 PSI. (Pounds Per square inch) Oxygen cylinders are forged from solid armor plate steel. No part of the cylinder may be less than 1/4 thick. Cylinders are then tested to over 3,300 PSI using a (NDE) hydrostatic pressure test.
Oxygen Cylinders
Cylinders are regularly re-tested using hydrostatic (NDE) while in service Cylinders are regularly chemically cleaned and annealed to relieve jobsite stresses created by handling .
Cylinder Transportation
Never transport cylinders without the safety caps in place Never transport with the regulators in place Never allow bottles to stand freely. Always chain them to a secure cart or some other object that cannot be toppled easily.
Oxygen Cylinders
Oxygen cylinders incorporate a thin metal pressure safety disk made from stainless steel and are designed to rupture prior to the cylinder becoming damaged by pressure. The cylinder valve should always be handled carefully
Regulator Hoses
Hoses are are fabricated from rubber Oxygen hoses are green in color and have right hand thread. Acetylene hoses are red in color with left hand thread. Left hand threads can be identified by a grove in the body of the nut and it may have ACET stamped on it
Acetylene Gas
Virtually all the acetylene distributed for welding and cutting use is created by allowing calcium carbide (a man made product) to react with water. The nice thing about the calcium carbide method of producing acetylene is that it can be done on almost any scale desired. Placed in tightly-sealed cans, calcium carbide keeps indefinitely. For years, miners lamps produced acetylene by adding water, a drop at a time, to lumps of carbide.
Before acetylene in cylinders became available in almost every community of appreciable size produced their own gas from calcium carbide.
Acetylene Cylinders
Acetylene is stored in cylinders specially designed for this purpose only. Acetylene is extremely unstable in its pure form at pressure above 15 PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) Acetone is also present within the cylinder to stabilize the acetylene. Acetylene cylinders should always be stored in the upright position to prevent the acetone form escaping thus causing the acetylene to become unstable.
Acetylene Cylinders
Cylinders are filled with a very porous substance monolithic filler to help prevent large pockets of pure acetylene form forming Cylinders have safety (Fuse) plugs in the top and bottom designed to melt at 212 F (100 C)
Acetylene Valves
Acetylene cylinder shut off valves should only be opened 1/4 to 1/2 turn This will allow the cylinder to be closed quickly in case of fire. Cylinder valve wrenches should be left in place on cylinders that do not have a hand wheel.
Flame Settings
There are three distinct types of oxy-acetylene flames, usually termed: Neutral Carburizing (or excess acetylene) Oxidizing (or excess oxygen ) The type of flame produced depends upon the ratio of oxygen to acetylene in the gas mixture which leaves the torch tip.
Flame definition
The neutral flame (Fig. 4-1) is produced when the ratio of oxygen to acetylene, in the mixture leaving the torch, is almost exactly one-toone. Its termed neutral because it will usually have no chemical effect on the metal being welded. It will not oxidize the weld metal; it will not cause an increase in the carbon content of the weld metal. The excess acetylene flame (Fig. 4-2), as its name implies, is created when the proportion of acetylene in the mixture is higher than that required to produce the neutral flame. Used on steel, it will cause an increase in the carbon content of the weld metal. The oxidizing flame (Fig. 4-3) results from burning a mixture which contains more oxygen than required for a neutral flame. It will oxidize or burn some of the metal being welded.
Quiz time
The regulator diaphragm is often made from _______? A: reinforced rubber B: malleable iron C: tempered aluminum D: stainless steel
Quiz time
The hose nuts for oxygen and acetylene differ greatly, because the acetylene hose nut has. A: a left hand thread. B: has a grove cut around it. C: may have ACET stamped on it. D: All of the above.
Quiz time
An oxygen cylinder must be able to withstand a ________ pressure of 3300 psi (22753 kPa) to be qualified for service. A: atmospheric B: hydrostatic C: hydroscopic D: vapor
Quiz time
Why is the area above 15 psig often marked with a red band on a acetylene low pressure regulator ? Answer
Acetylene pressure above 15 psig is unstable and should not be used
Quiz time
True or False ?
A flint and steel spark lighter is the generally used to light the oxyacetylene flame.
Answer: True
Quiz time
Acetylene cylinder fuse plugs melt at a temperature of ________ F or 100C Answer
212F
Quiz time
What is the maximum safe working gauge pressure for acetylene gas? A: 8 psig (55 kPa) B: 15 psig (103 kPa) C: 22 psig (152 kPa) D: 30 psig (207 kPa)
Quiz time
The color of and oxygen hose on a oxyacetylene welding outfit is ______? Answer
Green
Quiz time
The type of safety device is used on a oxygen cylinder. A: A fusible plug B: A check valve C: A pressure safety disk D: A spring loaded plug
Quiz time
True or False ?
The regulator is closed when the adjusting screw is turned out.
Answer: True
Quiz time
The color of and acetylene oxygen hose on a oxyacetylene welding outfit is ______? Answer
Red
Quiz time
No part of an oxygen cylinder walls may be thinner than _______? A: 1/4in (6.4 mm) B: 3/8in (9.5 mm) C: 3/16in (4.8 mm) D: 7/32in (5.6 mm)
Quiz time
To prevent the occurrence of flashbacks, a ________ should be installed between either the torch and hoses or regulators and hoses. A: a two way check valve. B: flame screen. C: flashback arrestor. D: three way check valve.
Quiz time
What type of safety device is used on a acetylene cylinder. A: A spring loaded plug B: A pressure safety disk C: A fusible plug D: A check valve
Quiz time
Mixing _______ and water will produce acetylene gas. A: calcium carbide B: potassium carbonate C: carbon dioxide D: acetylene carbide
Modern Welding
York County School of Technology