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TYPE OF MUD
Inverted Emulsion
Mud type with water in oil, oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase.
DIRECT EMULSION
Min.
30 - 10 % Oil
(OIL IN WATER)
70 - 90 % Water
Max.
30 - 10 % Water
70 - 90 % Oil
Continuous Phase
Dispersed Phase
Water
Oil
Water
Oil
INVERTED EMULSION
Max
70 - 90 % Oil
30 - 10 % Oil
70 - 90 % Water
Continuous Phase
Dispersed Phase
Water
Oil
Water
Oil
Emulsified Brine
Ester :
Is a synthetic product with no aromatic content and is biodegradable. It is produced by a chemical reaction between alcohol and acid.
LT IE
Limitations
Utilisation of this type of mud could be a problem if: Drilling through a potential high loss zone and losses are encountered. More difficult to identify a gas kick due to the hydrocarbon nature of the system.
EB IE
Limitations
Running this type of system could lead to problems if: Drilling through a zone where the potential for losses are high and losses are encountered with high to total losses. The system is more expensive to run then conventional systems.
Emulsifiers
Preparation of a stable water-in-oil emulsion is dependent upon two factors: the size of the brine droplets and the efficiency of emulsifiers that produce and maintain the emulsion. A primary and secondary emulsifiers are required to produce a stable invert emulsion for invert drilling fluids. Smaller water droplets are produced at higher rates of mixing or shearing, tighter emulsion resulting. Emulsifiers are also important in ensuring that solids in the invert emulsion are preferentially wetted by the continuous oil phase.
Control Viscosity
Organophilic Clay
The viscosity properties have to be developped by the dispersion of the stacks of clay platelets. This is acheived to some extent by mechanical factors such as shear intensity, shear time and temperature. Absorption of oil or water molecules opens up the sheets and aids the dispersion process. AVABENTOIL HY is a high performance viscosifying clay. It yields rapidly, even under low shear conditions and provides superior rheologies with low plastic viscosity. AVABENTOIL SA is an oil miscible viscosifying treated organophilic clay.
Avoil VS
AVOIL VS is a polymeric material used as a rheology modifier in the AVOIL system or in other invert emulsion systems. AVOIL VS is used to raise the low shear rheology without increasing the plastic viscosity of AVOIL and other invert emulsion mud.
Formulation for IE
Mud LT IE
- H2O - Lamium 11 - Emulsifier - Organophilic Clay - Filtrate reducer - Viscosifier - Wetting Agent - CaCl2 - Barite density = 1,80 Kg/l
End